SYNTHESIS OF SENTENCES

SYNTHESIS OF SENTENCES

Synthesis of sentences is the process of combining simple sentences, using coordinative conjunctions, to form Compound Sentences.

  1. Ex: the wind blew. The rain fell. The lightning flashed.

These are the sentences. Now, we can combine all three sentences to form a ‘compound sentence’.

  • The wind blew , the rain fell and the lightning flashed.

This is a compound sentence.

There are for types of coordinative conjunctions. These conjunctions are widely used in the process of ‘Synthesis of Sentences’.

  • Cumulative
  • Adversative
  • Alternative
  • Illative
  1. Cumulative:

The conjunctions which add one statement to the another is called cumulative.

Ex:

  1. Night came on. The room grew dark.

              Night came on and room grew dark.

  • He is a fool. He is naive.

          He is a fool and he is naïve.

               He is not only a fool but also naïve.

           He is a fool as well as naïve.

It will be noticed that the conjunction ‘and’ adds one statement to another.

The conjunctions ‘both….and’, ‘not only….but also’ and ‘as well as’ are emphatic forms and do the same work.

  • Adversative:

The conjunctions which express opposition or contrast between two statements are called adversative.

Ex:

  1. He is slow. He is sure.
  2. He is slow but he is sure.
  3. I was annoyed. I kept quiet.
  4. I was annoyed still I kept quiet.
  5. He failed. He persevered.
  6. He failed, nevertheless he persevered.
  7. He will not oppose my design. I cannot approve of it.
  8. He will not oppose my design; however, I cannot approve of it.
  9. He was all right. He was fatigued.
  10. He was all right, only he was fatigued.

It will be noticed that the conjunctions but, still, yet, nevertheless and however express a contrast between one sentence and the other.

Few of these conjunctions are more emphatic than the conjunction ‘but’.

Conjunctions which express opposition or contrast between the two statements are called adversative.

  • Alternative:

The conjunctions which express a choice between the alternatives are called alternative.

Ex:

  1. Make haste. You will be late.
  2. Make haste or you will be late.
  3. Come in. Go out.
  4. Come in or go out.
  5. Either come in or go out.
  6. Do be a borrower. Do be a lender.
  7. Be neither a borrower nor a lender.

It will be noticed that the conjunctions or, either….or, neither…..nor express a choice between two alternatives.

The conjunctions which express a choice between two alternatives are alternative.

You may see here how the coordinative conjunctions are used in the ‘synthesis of sentences’.

  • Illative:

The conjunctions which express an inference are called illative.

Ex:

  1. He was obstinate. He was punished.
  2. He was obstinate; therefore, he was punished.
  3. I cannot see. It is very dark.
  4. It is very dark so I cannot see.
  5. I cannot see for it is very dark.
  6. It is raining heavily. I will take an umbrella with me.
  7. It is raining heavily, so I will take an umbrella with me.

You may see here how the coordinative conjunctions are used in ‘Synthesis of Sentences’.

It will be noticed that the conjunctions therefore, for, so etc.…. join sentences in which one statement is inferred from another.

The conjunctions which express an inference are called illative.

  • Synthesis means the combination of simple sentences into one new sentences – simple, compound, complex.
  • The following are the chief ways of combining two or more simple sentences into one large simple sentence:
  • By using a participle
  • He sprang up to his feet. He ran away.
  • Springing up to his feet, he ran away.
  • She was tired of trying. She decided to quit.
  • Tired (or, being tired) of trying, she decided to quit.
  • By using a noun or a phrase in apposition
  • This is my mother. Her name is Susie.
  •  This is my mother Susie.
  • By using a preposition with a noun or gerund
  • Her husband died. She heard the news. She fainted.
  •  On hearing the news of her husband’s death, she fainted.
  • He has failed many times. He still hopes to succeed.
  •  In spite of many failures, he still hopes to succeed.
  • By using the absolute construction
  • The watch was expensive. He could not buy it.
  • The watch being expensive, he could not buy it.
  • The cot was too small. He could not sleep on it.
  •  The cot being too small, he could not sleep on it.
  • By using an infinitive
  • He wanted to pass the examination. He studied hard.
  •  He studied hard to pass the examination.
  • I have some duties. I must perform them.
  • I have some duties to perform.
  • By using an adverb or an adverbial phrase
  • The sunset. The travelers had not reached their destination.
  • The travelers had not reached their destination by sunset.

Sudhakar V

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