BIO DIVERSITY.

the trees are very nice..

i.These trees are very nice grow tall and they grow very fast — what are the trees are talking about?
a. pines Northern hemisphere and Eucalyptus in Australia
ii. what happens when the trees grow?
a. they destroy all the local biological diversity
iii. what can be disappeared?
a. flora and fauna

2. So although we were getting commercial timber for the growing timber industry, we also destroyed our
   local flora and fauna. As a result, these forests, which were the water towers, were no longer able to
   contain the water, so when the rains fell the water ran downstream and ended up in the lakes and ocean
   instead of going down into the underground reservoir so that it could come back to us in the form of rivers.
   i.Which were the water Tower?
   a. the forest
   ii. what we are getting from the commercial plantation
   a. we are getting commercial timber for the growing Timber indust
   iii.what are the consequences we need to face when we destroy the forest
   a. the land no longer able to contain the water summer the water and downstream and ended up in lakes

15.One thing we noted is that not only did the rain patterns change, became less, but also the rivers started
drying up. We lost our local biological diversity. So that’s a lot of damage to our environment
i.What the people noted due to the deforestation?
a. they noted that not only did the rain pattern change became less
ii. what happened to the rivers due to deforestation
a. the rivers started drying up
iii. what happen when we lost our local biological diversity?
a. A lot of damage to our environment

16. That is why in 1975, at the very first United Nations Conference for Women in Mexico, many of the
    women were saying, “We need food, we need water, we need clean drinking water, we need fodder for our
    animals.” And I was wondering, what has happened?
    i.When and where the first United Nations Conference for women held?
    a. in 1975 at Mexico
    ii. what were women saying in that conference?
    a. we need food we need water we need clean drinking water we need fodder for our animals
    ii. who is I in the given paragraph
    a. wangari maathai
17. These are things that were there twenty years ago when I was a child. The environment had changed;
    and that’s when I started this campaign to restore the vegetation and to restore the land and to rehabilitate
    the forests.
    i.What were the things there 20 years ago?
    a. food , clean drinking water, and fodder for animals
    ii. why did she start the campaign/
    a. to restore the vegetaitation ,to restore the land, and to rehabilitate the forest
    iii. what is the rehabilitation here?
    a. making new
18. NHK Radio : What happened when you started working with the women?
    W M.: Well, the first time when I told them, “Let us plant trees”, the women said they did not know how to
    plant trees. So I asked the foresters to come and teach them, but they were very complicated-they are
    professionals.
    i.What she told to the woman when she started working with them?
    a. Let us plant trees
    ii. Why they did not know how to plant trees?
    a. because they were illiterates.
    iii. who had come to help them?
    a. the professionals.
19. It became very complicated for ordinary illiterate women so I told the women, “We shall use our
    common sense, and just do what we do with other seeds.” Women work on the farms. They’re the ones
    who plant. They’re the ones who cultivate. They’re the ones who produce food, so I told them that seeds of
    trees are like any other seeds. So if they were to treat these tree seeds the same way they treat other seeds
    of food crops, there is no difference.
    i.What was the complicated thing for ordinary illiterate women

a. to understand what the professionals were saying about how to plant trees
ii. what she advised the women?
a. she advised them to use common sense and just do what we do with other seeds
iii. how she asked them to treat the trees
a. They were to treat the tree seeds the same way they treat other seeds of food crops

20. I told them to look for old broken pots even and put seeds there. They will germinate and they will
    know these are the seedlings from the seeds they planted and we gave them plastic bags to be able to put
    those seedlings and to nurture them and when they were about half a meter long then they could go and
    transplant them on in their farms.
    i.Where they need to sow the seeds?
    \a. they need to sow the seeds in the world broken pots
    ii. when the seedlings were grown what they need to do?
    a. they need to transfer the grown seedlings into plastic bags
    iii. when they could transplant them on their farms
    a. when it was grown half a metre long

Unit 5 bio diversity. 2×1=2

1. They come back and they make the environment very beautiful
   I. who will come back?
   a. trees ,birds and rabbits
2. how do you think you can influence the rest of Africa
   i. who is you here
   a. wangari maathai
   ii. who asked the above question
   a. nhk radio
3. for me my greatest activity is to plant a tree I think that a tree is a wonderful symbol for the environment
   and when we plant a tree we plant hope
   i. what was her a greatest activity?
   a. to plant a tree
   ii. what happens when we plant a tree?
   a. we are planting a hope also
4. we must restore our environment and try to ensure that we do not fight because we are allowing the
   environment especially the land to be degraded
   I. here we represent?
   a. the people in Africa
   ii. what we should in ensure to protect the environment?
   a. we must ensure that we do not fight
5. our efforts will inspire other people to stop wasting their resources and their youth in wars and instead
   engage in creating a peaceful environment more peaceful states.
   i. how our efforts will inspire others?
   a. to stop wasting their resources
   ii. what youth can do?
   a. youth can stop participating in war and engaging in creating conflict
6. I am very happy about the fact that now in Africa you see new efforts of ensuring that African engage in
   dialogue…
   i. I am very happy – who is I here?
   a. here I is nothing but wangari maathai
   ii. what we can see in Africa
   a. the African or ensuring that they engage in dialogue in peaceful negotiations for conflict
7. there is a shade and sometimes even dry spring come back because the water is not running the water is
   going into the ground very profound transformation
   I. how could shade and dry springs come back
   a. because is not running and not going into the ground
   ii. what was the very profound transformation
   a. Where water is directly going into the ground
8. so I called them foresters without diplomas
   I. who are foresters without diplomas according to in this line
   a. the illiterate women
   ii. who is I in the given line
   a. wangari maathai
9. it was a need .when the woman said the needed firewood and building material we responded to that
   need

I what was the need of a woman
a. firewood and building material
ii. who responded to that need
a. wangari maathai and team

10. we give them education both in civics and also in environment
    i. what is nothing but Civic education
    a. how to live in the society
    ii.. what did they teach to the women
    a. this thought them education both in civics and in environment

Unit 5 B . OR WILL THE DREAMER WAKE?

1. Out in the East the jungle listens
   The tigress, plaintive, growls in pain,
   The great trees hear her breathing, shaking
   Inside her still, the new lives wait,
   I.who is the tigress listened by?
   a. Out in the east the jungle
   Ii.what it could listen from the tigress?
   a. The plaintive , growls in pain
   Iii.what could trees here?
   A.the trees could here her breathing

2.These cubs could be the last ones ever
To freely live and roam and mate.

Our grandchild knows the tiger never
Or will the dreamer wake?
I. what are the cubs we are talking in the given poem?
a. The tigress cubs
Ii.what could these cubs do?
a. It may the last ones to roam feely and mate.
Iii. what could our grand child never know?
A..here the story about tigress and cubs

3.Far in the North the white bear snuffles
Down in her lair the gleaming snow
She waits for all the life she’s making
Outside the crashing glaciers grow.

i.Where the white bear snuffles
a. Far in the north
ii. what she would wait for all the life
a. she waits for all the life she is making outside the crashing glaciers grow
iii. who is she
a. the white bear

4. These cubs could be the last cubs ever
   To freely live and roam and mate.
   Our grandchild knows the white bear never
   Or will the dreamer wake?
   I.Who is the dreamer here
   a. We -the human beings
   ii. these cubs could be the last cups ever. whose curves we are talking about
   a. the cubs of the white bear
   iii. what our grandchild miss about the white bear
   a. duffle and awaiting for all the life making outside the crashing glaciers grow
5. There in the West the song thrush warbles

She weaves her nest to hold her clutch
A long wait now to find a partner
The eggs are laid, there are not much.
i.What was the first bird famous for?
a. Shiva bulls and Venus to hold her clutch
ii. why she weave nest
a. to find a partner
iii. why did she wait to find a partner
a. to lay their eggs

6. These chicks could be the last ones ever
   The last to fly and sing and mate.
   Our grandchild knows the song thrush never
   Or will the dreamer wake?
   i.Who are the chicks here
   a. the babies of the Thrush Bird
   ii. what is the speciality of this chicks
   a. they can fly and sing and mate
   iii. what our grandchild never know about thrush
   a. the Marbles and weaving her nest and laying the eggs
7. Deep in Ocean South the whale swims
   Her song of birthing fills the seas
   Thousands of creatures wait the moment
   The solemn birth that they will see.

I. Where does the whale swims?
a. deep in Ocean south
ii. why does creatures wait the moment of birthing?
a. has song of birthing fills the seas
iii. what was the Solomon birth the creatures would like to see
a. Whale birthing fills the seas

8. This child could sing the final whale song
   The last to make the oceans shake.
   Our grandchild never hears its mystery
   Or will the dreamer wake?
   I. who could sing the final whale song?
   A.the child
   Ii.who is last to make the oceans shake?
   A. Birthing whales
   Iii. who is the dreamer here?
   a. We – the people

9.Here in the centre, four directions gather
The path ahead leads up or down
Is this our last bright new world birthing?
Is this our waving as we drown?

I. where the four direcions gather?
a. At the centre
Ii. is this our last bright new world birthing?
a. According the poem it is the last birth
Iii.is this our waving as we drown?
a. According to the author , we are waving when we are drowning.

10.This could be our last true moment
Knowing the truth, our choices make.
Our grandchild asks “That was the moment!
And did the dreamer wake?”
I. what is the truth?
a. The endangerment of the creatures like tigress,polar bear
Ii.that was the moment. What was the moment?
A, the enjoy of which we are enjoying with animals, birds and nature
Iii.what was the last true moment?

a. Knowing the truth of endangered species.

Unit 5. C. a tale of three villages.

1. Koko village, nigeria.
   I. Mr. Sunday Nana, his wife and four small children live in Koko
   Village, Nigeria . The village is like any other African village-
   picturesque, colourful and noisy.
   I. Which village is referred in Nigeria?
   a. koko village
   ii. what is the greatness of the koko village?
   a. picturesque, colourful and noisy
   iii. which family is described in the above given paragraph
   a. nana’s family – Mr Sunday Nana, his wife and his four children
2. The Nana family’s house, too, is the same as all the other houses in
   the village, with mud walls and a rusting corrugated iron roof, and with
   children and chickens sharing the compound
   i.Who are sharing in Nana compound
   a chickens
   ii. describe the nanas house
   a. mud walls, rusting, corrugated iron roof
   iii. is nana’s house is different from other houses in the village?
   a. no all other houses in the village is same like nanas house

3.There is one difference, however. Outside Mr. Nana’s front are three
large empty metal drums, the bright red paint now flaking away, but
the skull and crossbones symbol clearly visible on each.
I.what can we see mr. nanas front outside of the house?
A.three large empty metal drums

Ii.what was the symbol on metal drums?
a. Skull and cross bones

Iii. which is flaking away from the drums?
a. The bright red paint.

4. And in a clearing 200m away from the village, next to a stream that the
   villagers get their drinking water from, is an enormous pyramid of identical
   drums, reaching to the sky
   I. where do the villagers get the drinking water?
   a. A stream which was 200 m away from thiei village
   Ii. what they could find next to the stream?
   A.an enormous pyramid of identical drums
   Iii.what is the figure of speech is used in by saying reaching the sky?
   A.hyperbola
5. Some of them are badly corroded, their slimy contents of various colours

• grey, dark green, bright orange, etc. – leaking out, down, on to the baked
  African earth and into the stream.
  I. what was the situation of drums?
  a. Badly corroded.
  Ii.what is leaking out from the drums?
  a. Slimy contents of various colours- grey, bright orange
  Iii.where was the slimy contain going?
  a. It was leaking out ,down,onto and baked african earth and into the
  stream

4. Some have fallen down and rolled – or been rolled by playful children –
   into the bush. Some are smoking in the midday heat. Some are swelling, as if
   their contents are bursting to get out.
   I. what have fallen down?

a. Drums which were piled up
Ii.where they were rolled ?
a. The drums were rolled into the bush by the children.
Iii.describe the drums?
a. Some drums are smoking in the midday heat,swelling as if their contents
are bursting out.

7.“They came on a Wednesday,” said Sunday, “Many, many big lorries. They
took all day unloading them. No-one told us what was in them
I. who came on wednesday?
a. Big lorries
Ii.what they were unloading?
A.they were unloading the drums
Iii.who said the above lines?
a. Sunday nana

8.They gave the Chief a brown paper bag-I saw him smiling as the lorries
drove away. This was five years ago.
I. what was the brown paper bag symbolises?
a. Bribe,authentication papers and money
Ii.who is he here ?
a. Chief
Iii. when it was happened?
a. Five years ago

9.Then three months ago, one of the brightest boys in the village – Thomas
Agonyo – started university in Lagos. He came home one weekend with a
new Chemistry book, and spent all day looking at the drums and writing
things down and talking to himself and shaking his head.

I. what was the brightest boy name ?
a. Thomas agonyo
Ii.what was he?
a. He was a university student in lagos
Iii.what he did the whole day by looking at the drums?
A.writing things down, talking to himself and shaking his head

10.We all thought he had gone mad. Then he called a meeting of the village
and told us that the drums contained poisonous chemicals. He said they had
come from Italy. But I don’t know where that is. Is it in Europe?” Mr. Sunday
Nana stopped, frowning, a troubled look on his face, “In the last five years, 13
people have died in this village, my own elder brother one of them. They
have been in pain, terrible pain. We have never seen deaths like that before.
I.what he told with the village people?
a. The drums were filled with poisonous chemicals
Ii.what were the feelings of mr. nana?
a. Frowning and troubled look on his face
Iii.how did the children died?
a. The children died with terrible pain.

Unit 5 c. 2. Ponnimanthuri village

1.i can remember the time,” she said wistfully, “when all the fields around
this village were green and the harvests good”. Her outstretched arm
described a complete circle as she stood in the morning sun.
I. what could remember?
a. She could remember about the village and its harvest
Ii.what is the meaning of wistfully?

A.thinking sadly about what would love to have
Iii.how her outstretched arm being described?
A.her outstretched arm described the complete circle

2. “Then they built those monsters, those…….” Her voice spluttered in anger
   as she shook her fist at a collection of ominous looking black buildings on
   the horizon, covered in a low-lying shroud of thick smoke
   I.who are the monsters here?
   A.ominous looking black buildings
   Ii.what is meant by spluttered in anger?
   A.spoke quickly and with difficulty in anger
   Iii.how are the buildings covered?
   A.the buildings are covered in a low lying shroud of thick smoke.
3. “They said that factories need leather to make shoes, handbags and
   clothes. They said our menfolk would get jobs. They said we would all
   become rich.”
   I. who said that factories need leather ?
   a. Industrialists
   Ii.what they said about the jobs?
   A.menfolk would get jobs
   Iii.how can we become rich?
   A.if they establish factories.

4.We stood silent, each thinking our own thoughts. Yes, they told you all
that. But there is so much they didn’t tell you. They didn’t tell you that to
change animal skins into leather – which they call tanning – uses as many as
250 different chemicals, including heavy metals such as cadmium , arsenic
and chromium.

I. what they were thinking in silent?
a. They were recollecting the words when industrialists established
industries
Ii.what is tanning?
A.changing animals skin into leather
Iii.what are the chemicals used in tanning?
a. Heavy metals such as cadmium,arsenic, and chromium

5.They didn’t tell you that these chemicals are discharged into the
environment from those chimney stacks and fall to earth for miles around,
polluting the earth below. They didn’t tell you that this would poison your
fields, so that nothing will grow

I.where the chemicals are discharged
a. The chemicals are discharged into the environment
Ii.what happens to the fields when chemicals discharge into air?
A.it pollute the earth below
Iii.will any thing grow in this fields when chemiclas discharged into air?
a. No , nothing ever grow

6.“They didn’t tell us that the chemicals would be dumped in open fields and
into our rivers,” sighed Vijayasama. We had been thinking the same
thoughts. “They didn’t tell us that our women would have to walk ten
kilometers every day
I.why vijayasama sighed?
A.because she is recollecting memories of what they said
Ii.what they were thinking ?
a. They were thinking the same like vijayasama about what they were told
Iii.we – who are we in the given passage?
a. The people of ponnimanthuri village

7.They didn’t tell us that we would get ulcer and sores on our bodies. They
didn’t tell us…” Her voice trailed off. There is so much they didn’t tell you, I
thought. “We don’t buy leather shoes or leather handbags or leather
clothes,” she said.
I.what could be the effect of industries?
a. Ulcers and sores on bodies
Ii.what was their decision finally?
a. Not to buy shoes , leather hand bags or leather clothes
Iii.why her voice was trailed off?
a. With sadness and crying

Unit 5 c. 3. Vorobyov village, ukraine.
1.”I wanted to see the graves and the house again, before I die.”
I. who is i here in the given line?
a. Natasha
Ii.why she wanted to see the graves?
A.her relatives and family members buried there

2.”It happened on April the 26th 1986. I remember the date because it was
my mother’s birthday
I. what happened on that day?
A,there was an explosion early in the morning
Ii. why she couldnt forget the day?
a. It was happened on her mothers birthday

3.We heard the explosion early in the morning. We didn’t worry, because
there had been explosions before from Chernobyl.
I. when did they hear the explosion ?
a. Early morning
Ii. why they didint worry?

a. They have been used that sounds

4. Everyone stopped what they were doing and listened. Then we ran out
   into the garden.
   I.why did they run out into the garden?
   a. To see the explosion
   Ii.what they heard?
   a. An explosion from chernobyl

5.Tears came to the corners of her eyes, and slid slowly down her pinched,
pale cheeks.
I. her eyes – who is she ?
a. Natasha revenko
Ii.why did tears have come out from her eyes?
a. She remembered the explosion and its misery

6.”It was a lovely warm day, and the children played outside all weekend.
I. what was the warm lovely day here ?
a. saturday – weekend
Ii.what children were doing?
a. They were playing outside

7.g. It was Wednesday before the loudspeaker van came to the village, telling
us to keep our children indoors and not to touch the radioactive dust.
I. why did the loudspeaker van came to the village?
a. To give announcement and cautions
Ii. what was the announcement?
a. Keep the children in indoors and not to touch the radioactive dust

8.They grew so thin, and sores appeared all over their little bodies

I. who grew so week ?
a. children
Ii. what happened to the children?
a. Sores appeared on their bodies
9.”They’re buried over there.” She pointed to the church graveyard. “Lots of
village children are. And adults.”
I. who were buried ?
a. Children
Ii. where did they bury?
a. At Church graveyard

10.The fields were barren. Nothing grew. Nothing ever would again. There
was no bird-song. No rabbit peered at me. No cow endlessly chewed. No
horse neighed.
I. why the fields were barren?
a. Because of explosion
Ii.what happened the place?
a. It became barren like desert.
Unit vi. Creative writing.
Conversations
1.write an imaginary conversation between wangari maathai and rural
woman – who was suffering foe lack of basic amenities.
Villagers; respected environmental activist and nobel prize winner, please
save us from this clutter.
Wangari maathai; hii, I am also like you only. Tell me what can I do for you ?
Villagers : madam, we are suffering from lack of the basic needs like pure
drinking water , food , energy building material and fodder for the animals.
w. m.: its everything in your hands. If you want to do really , easily you can
do it.
Villagers; madam, is it in our hands? How ? please teach us how to do it?
w.m : let me know you that are you ready to change your society?

Villagers : yes madam, we are suffering a lot for the lack of basic needs
W,m. : everything is inyour hands. First try to remember how you used to
sow seeds
Villagers; yes madam, we remembered . do you want to us to do the same
w.m. take broken pots and sow the seeds . when it is grew up take out and
nurture it …
villagers ; thank you madam for your valuable words and suggestions.
We are indebted to you a lot.

2. write an imaginary conversation between my self and grand son about
   extinction of species around the world.
   Grandson : grand father, I want to know about the each direction of our
   earth. Will you tell me please?
   Grand father : yes my dear grandson, you can ask ..
   G s ; what types of animals live in the east ?
   G f; out in the east jungles lies the tiger, which would roam in the jungle, live
   freely and mate.
   Gs ; oh, really are there more tigers and cubs in the jungle? Can my
   genenration see them?
   G f ; no actually they are in extinction, may be your genenration can see
   them in tvs or you tube channels.
   Gs ; what about the north ?
   Gf ; out there in the north lies polar bear wholives in the gleaming snow and
   those were the last ones to freely roam and live.
   Gs ; what is there at the wst?
   Gf ; out in the west thrush wales and sings beautifully and melodiously.
   Gs.are they last one s to sing and roam ?
   Gf ; might be
   Gs what about the south :
   Gf ; whale lives in deep ocean of south. It used to shake oceans while giving
   birth. Many aquatic lives would wait for its solemn birth.
   Gs; are these animals will live forever?
   Gf; they are in the state of extinction. We are not able to do anything to
   protect them .i am sorry my dear grand son, we are not even trying to
   protect them.
   Examples

1 Out of the three villages you have read, choose one village of your choice (you may also
choose a completely different one). You are a T.V. reporter. You need to go to one of the
villages and from there you have to report orally to the news channel what all you find
there. How would you report? Write in a spoken discourse the dialogue between you and the
T.V news anchor. The beginning is given below:
T.V. News anchor 🙁 Our correspondent from the Koko village reports from the spot.)
What is the situation there? How do you find the village? What are the people around saying?.
2 W M.: Well, the first time when I told them, “Let us plant trees”, the women said they did not
know how to plant trees. So I asked the foresters to come and teach them, but they were
very complicated-they are professionals.
Using the above context write a possible conversation between Wangari Maathai and the woman.
They discuss the problems in planting trees.
3 Mr. Sunday Nana stopped, frowning, a troubled look on his face, “In the last five years, 13 people have
died in this village, my own elder brother one of them. They have been in pain, terrible pain. We have never seen
deaths like that before. Lots of our children are sick. We have asked the Government to take the drums away, but
they do nothing. We have written to Italy, but they do nothing.
Using the above context write a possible conversation between Mr. Sunday Nana and Thomas Agonyo.
DESCRIPTIONS
Describe the extinction
The extinction of an animal species occurs when the last individual member of that
species dies. Although a species may be “extinct in the wild,” the species is not
extinct until every individual, regardless of location, captivity, or ability to breed,
has died.
Most extinct species became extinct as a result of natural causes. In some cases
predators became are more powerful and plentiful than the animals on which they
prey; in other cases, a severe climate change made previously hospitable territory
uninhabitable.
But other animals, such as the passenger pigeon, become extinct due to man-made
loss of habitat and over-hunting. Human-caused environmental issues are also
creating severe challenges to a number of now-endangered or threatened species.
 In one major extinction event, a series of massive volcanic eruptions caused
ash to fill the sky, blocking sunlight. In addition, toxins from lava such as
sulfur and methane leached into the sea and rock, killing marine and aquatic
animals. 
 A second mass extinction is believed to be the result of a cloud of dust raised
by a meteor or comet which crashed in Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula. 
 Glaciers (sheets of ice moving across the land) also caused animals to die off
in large numbers, wiping out species because of climate change. Colder
weather killed many vulnerable land animals while encroaching ice wiped out
much of the ocean’s creatures. 
Describe wangari maathai suggestions of improving the greenery andcleanliness
Description : A clean environment is very necessary to live a peaceful and healthy life. But our environment
is getting dirty day by day. We do not have natural surroundings to grow, nourish and glorify our life. The
plant life and animal habitat is disappearing gradually making the environment parch and lifeless. The air
pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, soil pollution, acid rain and other dangerous disasters are

created in the name of technological development. The natural components used as resources are
exploited by some human beings in order to fulfil their purpose. Artificially prepared fertilizers are spoiling
the earth and indirectly poisoning our food causing many incurable diseases. However, the ecological
balance is completely disturbed and we find very less scope for bringing biological diversity into existence.

3. Wangari Maathai has described the environment of her childhood in the interview.