Unity in Diversity

.Unity in Diversity

3×1=3

1. in India India, a country of many ethnic groups, is a land of myriad languages, a veritable babel
   of tongues and numerous modes of apparel. For the most part, the continental dimensions of the
   country account for these variations and diversities.
   i. What is the meaning of land of myriad languages?
   a.numerous/many/an extremely large number of languages
   Ii.what does it mean by saying ethnic groups?
   a.racial/connected with a nation,race or people that shares a cultural tradition
   Iii.how could these account for variations and diversities?
   a. Continental dimensions are account of variations and diversities.

2.Besides, there are several religions, sects and beliefs. But there are certain common links and
uniting bonds that people have sought to develop in order to achieve the eminently desirable goal
of unity amidst diversity.
I.what are the important aspects of continent apart from variations and diversities?
A.several religions, sects and beliefs.
Ii.what are the important things to develop?
A.uniting bonds
Iii.what is the eminently desrable goal?
a. Unity amidst diversity

3. It is true that superficial observers are likely to be bewildered by the astonishing variety of
   Indian life. They fail to discover the one in many, the individual, in the aggregate; the simple in the
   composite. With them the whole is lost in its parts.
   I.how do superficial observers feel ?
   A.they are likely to bewildered by the astonishing variety of indian life.
   Ii.what the superficial observers fail to discover?
   A.one in many the individual, in the aggregate.
   Iii.what is the meaning of simple in the composite?
   a. One in many and many in one

4. What is needed is the superior interpretation, synthesis of the power of the mind that can give
   rise of the world, while they are common to the whole country in degree sufficient to justify its
   treatment as a unity in the history of human, social and intellectual development.”
   I.what is needed to understand india ?
   A.superior interpretation and synthesis of the mind
   Ii.what are the common things of the whole country?
   A.the power of the mind and synthesis of the power
   Iii.what is the justifying statement as a unity in diversity?
   a. Many common to the whole country in its treatment as a unity in the history of human, social
   and intellectual development.

5.Even the early Indian history unmistakably shows that the political consciousness of the people
has from the very early times, grasped the whole of India as a unit and assimilated the entire area
as the theatre of its activities. India is not a mere geographical expression, nor is it a mere
collection of separate peoples, traditions and conventions.
I.what was th early indian history shows about our culture?
A.it shows the political consciousness of the people consciousness of the people.
Ii.what did the indians grasped about its activities?
A.whole india as a unit and assimilated the entire area
Iii.what the ancient people understood about india?
A.india is not a mere geographical expression,nor is it a mere collection of separate peoples,
traditions and conventions.

6. India is much more than this. The best proof lies in the fact that Indian history has quickened
   into life. India has many races, castes, sub-castes, nationalities and communities, but the heart of
   India is one. We are all heirs to a common and rich culture. Our cultural heritage consists of our
   art and literature as they flourished centuries ago.
   I.what is the proof of india is much more than activities?
   A.india history has quickenend into life.
   Ii.how can we say india heart is one?
   A.india has many races, castes, sub – castes, nationalities and communities
   Iii.what is our cultural heritage consist of?
   A.our cultural heritage consists of our art and literature
7. Our cultural heritage serves as a bond of unity between people of different faiths and creeds.
   The streams of different cultures have flowed into our subcontinent to make us what we are and
   what we will be. There were Dravidians in India before the coming of the Aryans and Hinduism is a
   blend of the cultures of the North and the South.
   I.how our cultural heritage serves us?
   A.it serves as a bond of unity between people of different faiths and creeds.
   Ii.what is hinduism?
   a.Hinduism is a blend of cultures of the north and the south.
   Iii.what are the foreign things have entered into our continent?
   A.different cultures.

8.India has one hundred and fifty dialects, and twenty two recognised regional languages, but
Hindi, like English, has come to stay as the lingua franca of our nation.
I. how many varieties of languages are there in india?
A.one hundred and fifty
Ii.how many regional languages are recognised?
A.twenty two
Iii. what are the link languages mentioned in the passage?
A.hindi and english

9.From Kashmir to Kanyakumari and from Mumbai to Nagaland, Hindi is now understood and is
recognised as the national language of India. India has a rich cultural heritage. We are inheritors
of several grand treasures in the fields of music, fine arts, dance, drama, theatre and sculpture.
I.what is the boundaries of india to be consisdered hindi as a national language?
A.from kashmir to kanya kumari and from mumbai to nagaland.
Ii.what is our national language?
a. Hindi
Iii.what are we inherited of?
A.we are inheritors of fields of music, fine arts,dance,drama,theatre and sculpture.

10. Our sages and seers have left behind a tradition of piety, penance, spiritual greatness,
    conquest of passion, etc. Our scriptures are the storehouses of spiritual wisdom. Our saints
    aspired to the realisation of the infinite.
    I.what did our sages and seers left to us?

A.tradition of piety,penance,spiritual greatness,conquest of passion.
Ii.what are saints aspired to?
A.our saints are aspired to the realisation of the infinite.
Iii.what are our store houses?
A.our scriptures

11. We have inherited great spiritual values contrasted with which the materialistic progress of
    the West appears insignificant. The West has to learn a lot from India, and it has now been
    realised when people in the United States and Europe are turning to the Indian way of life.
    I.what is insignificant to west?
    A.spiritual values
    Ii.what west has to learn from india?
    A.the indian way of life
    Iii.what western people has realised ?
    A.they realised the culture and traditional values of india.
12. Indian yogis and maharishis, musicians and spiritual leaders, have all attracted them in a big
    way. A significant move to project India’s cultural unity has been the holding of Festivals of India
    in various parts of the world.
    I.who attracted the foreigners in a big way?
    A.yogis,maharishis,musicians and spiritual leaders
    Ii.what is the significant of move of india in foreign land?
    A.holding the indian festivals o india in various parts of the world.
    Iii.which are carrying our tradition and culture to foreign land?
    A.cultural unity and festivals of india.
13. The West is fast inclining towards our spiritual values which include meditation and
    contemplation, charity and love, universal brotherhood and fear of God, piety and unselfishness,
    control of passions and peace of mind. Our cultural unity is further exemplified by the temples of
    the South and of Khajuraho, the caves of Ajanta and Ellora, which are shining examples of India’s
    proficiency in sculpture and architecture.
    I.what foreigners are fast inclining towards?
    A.westners are fast inclining towards our spiritual values
    Ii.what are our spiritual values are consist o

A.our spiritual values are consist of meditation and contemplation,charity and love,universal
brotherhood and fear of god , piety and unselfishness, control of passions and peace of mind
Iii.what are the indias shining examples of proficiency in sculpture and architecture?
A.temples of south and khajuraho, the caves of ajanta and ellora

14.. Our music has come to enjoy worldwide popularity. Indian classical music, like the Indian
dances, is built on the concept of ragas and talas. Each raga is regarded appropriate to a certain
time of the day or the night. There are believed to be about 250 ragas in common use in the North
as well as in the South.
I.what is the indian classical music is built upon?
A.our classical music is built upon the concept of ragas and talas
Ii.what is the importance of raga?
A.each raga is regarded appropriate to a certain time of the day or the night.
Iii.how many ragas in use approximately?
A.250 ragas in common use in the north as well as in the south.

15.In the modern times, people like Ravi Shankar have taken Indian music to the West and thus
bridged the gap between the music of the East and the West. Other significant features of India’s
cultural unity are the variety, colour and the emotional richness of its dances.
I.what did ravi shankar do to the india interms of music?
A.he has taken indian music to the west
Ii.who bridged the gap between the music of the east and the west?
A.musicians like ravishanar
Iii.what are the other significant features of indias cultural unity?
A.variety, colour and the emotional richness of its dances.

16. The country abounds in tribal dances, old-dances as well as classical dances of great virtuosity.
    Throughout India, need is regarded not merely as an accompaniment to social intercourse, but
    also as a mode of aesthetic expression and spiritual realization.
    I.what is the great virtuosity in dances?
    A.tribal dances as well as classical dances
    Ii.what is important is to accomplishment to social intercourse?
    A.need is the regarded as an accomplishment to social intercourse
    Iii.what is the importance of need?

A.need is not only social accomplishments but also a mode of aesthetic expression and spiritual
wisdom

17.The great symbol of dance is Shiva, the Cosmic Dancer, depicted in sculpture and poetry as
Nataraja.
I. who is the symbol of dance?
A.shiva
Ii.what is the other name of shiva?
A.cosmic dancer
iii. Who is nataraja?
A.shiva
18.Similarly, the classical theatre in India has a history of more than two thousand years. It was
performed in palaces and in temples. The classical plays combined music and dance. Tragedy was,
and is, still discouraged otherwise;
I.what was the history of classical theatre in india?
A.it has the history of classical dancing more than two thousand years .
Ii.where the classical dance used to perform?
A.it used to perform in palaces and temples
Iii.what is the importance of classical music?
a.It is the combination of music and dance

19.the range of themes covered is wide. It is this strand of cultural unity running through the
country that we are heir to, and to which people in the West are increasingly turning now.
I.what we are heir to?
a. We are heir to strand of cultural unity
Ii.why are westerners turnung towards india?
A.they are turning towards our cultural unity
Iii.what are the thems are included in strand of cultural unity?
A.various range of themes are covered in the strand of cultural unity.

20.It is up to the younger generation to uphold this torch of cultural unity for the rest of the world
to see, follow and emulate, and not get dazed by the superficial prosperity and material
achievement of the West, where man has set foot on the Moon in his quest for space travel, but
finds himself isolated in his own society and community
I.who is responsible to carry forward the cultural unity?
A.the younger genertion
Ii.what are younger genenration should not be dazed by?
a. The younger genenration shouldnot be dazed by the superficial prosperity and material
achievement of the west
Iii.why man is still isolated?
A.the man has the quest to space travel but not know how to commuicate in his own society and
community.
2×1= 2
1.where man has set foot on the moon in his quest for space travel
I.where did man set foot ?
A.on the moon
Ii. why did he set foot on moon?
A.quest for space travel

2..It is up to the younger generation to uphold this torch of cultural unity for the rest of the world
to see, follow and emulate
I.what younger genenration needs to do?
A.the younger should uphold the torch of cultural unity
Ii.what they need to follow and emulate?
A.they need to torch up to see the wprld

3.sir herbert risely has rightly observed: beneath the manifold diversity of physical and social
types, languages,customs and religions which strike the observer in india , there can still be
discerned a certain underlying uniformity of life from the himalayas to cape comorin.
I.whose observation is mentioned in the passage?
A.sir herbert risley s observation
Ii.what is the manifold diversity?
A.physical and social types, languages,customs and religions

4.the diversity itself, far from being a damaging cause of disunity and weakness, is a fertile source
of strength and wealth.
I.what is the fertile source of strength?

A.the diversity
Ii.what happens if we don’t have diversity?
A.it damages and caused the disunity and weakness

5.it is true that superficial observers are likely to be bewildered by the astonishing variety of
indian life.
I.who are confused at the diversity of india?
A.superficial observers
Ii.what they are confused at?
a. They are confused by the astonishing variety of indian life

6.a keen penetrating insight will not fail to recognise the fundamental unity beneath the manifold
variety in india
I.what will help us understand the unity behind the diversity?
A.keen penetration
Ii.what hat is the fundamental unity of india?
A.manifold variety of india

7.what is needed is the superior interpretation, synthesis of the power of the mind that can give
rise to a vision of the whole.
a. What is the vision of indians?
A.unity in diversity
Ii.which can gie rise to a vision of whole?
A.superior interpretation, synthesis of the power of the mind

8.we are all heirs to a common and rich culture
I. we – who are we here?
A.indians
Ii.what are we heirs to?
A.rich culture

9.which are shining examples of indias proficiency in sculpture and architecture.
I. which are the examples of sculpture and proficiency?
A.temples
Ii.what are the best examples of sculpture and architecture?
A.the caves of ajanta and ellora.

10.the west has to learn a lot from india
I. who has to learn a lot from india?
A.westerners
Ii.what they have to learn?
A.our indian way of living

MY CHILDHOOD A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM

CONVERSATIONS

1 The newspapers now had to be bundled and thrown out from the
moving train on the Rameswaram Road between Rameswaram and
Dhanuskodi. That forced my cousin
Samsuddin, who distributed newspapers in Rameswaram, to look for a helping
hand to catch the bundles and, as if naturally , I filled the slot.
Now write an imaginary conversation between Samsuddin and Kalam in above
context.

A. The conversation follows like this …

Samsuddin and kalam are cousins. Suddenly world war memrged. The news
pzpeers had to be bundled and thrown out from the moving train on the
rameswaram road between rameswaram and dhanuskodi. Then samsuddin
needs a person to help in to catch the news bundles and distribute.
Samsuddin : hi kalam, what are you doing?
Kalam: hi brother, I am free . how can I help yiu?
Samsuddin: you know the situation what is happening in our country. Due to the
world war, the train halt in our station is erupted.
Kalam : ohh, what happenend to us ?
Samsuddin; now we need to bundled and throw the papers ourt from the moving
train on the ramemswaram road between rameswaram and dhanuskodi.
Kalam; oh my god , it is so difficult task . how can you do that ?
Samsuddin : actually I am waiting for a man who can help in this regard and can
earn their wages too.
Kalam : ohh, can I help you in this refgard. I believe through this I can earn my
own wages and can be helpful too you and my family.

2 One day when I was in the fifth standard at the Rameswaram
Elementary School, a new teacher came to our class. I used to
wear a cap which marked me as a Muslim,
and I always sat in the front row next to Ramanadha sastry , who wore the
sacred thread. The new teacher could not stomach a Hindu priest’s son sitting
with a Muslim boy. In accordance with our social ranking as the new teacher
saw it, I was asked to go and sit on the back bench.

Now write an imaginary conversation among the teacher, Kalam and Ramanadha
sastry in above context.

A.
New teacher came to the school and he could not stomach by seeing us sitting togather in
one row. Then he suddenly

Teacher : hii good morning children, how are you ? today is my first calss in this school. I
believe I am a staunch religion follower.
Children ; good morning sir,
Teacher : (by looking at the kalam and his friends sitting beside each other) how come you
are sitting beside each other inspite of different religions?
Kalam : we don’t have any differentioations like that sir. We are friends we have been
sitting like that only for years together.
Teacher; no, how can a muslim boy sitting beside the son of high priest. No you should sit
at the last bench
Ramamnadha sastry : sir, we don’t have any feelings like that. We have been sitting like
this since years
Teacher : no, according our society hierarachy musloim boy has to sit in the last bench.
Kalam , get up and go to the last bemch
Kalam: sir, please don’t divide us by basd on the religion and caste sys tem.
Teacher ; no, you have to sit in the last bench.
(ramamnadh ws crying ,, but kalam with sad face he moved t last bench.)

3 In the lesson ‘My child hood’ you have read that ” After the school we went home
and told our respective parents about the incident.”.
Imagine that you were Kalam, now write a conversation you and your friend
Ramanadha sastry about the incident.

4. You know that in the lesson ‘My Childhood’ the new teacher could not
stomach a Muslim boy sitting beside a Hindu priest’s son. So the muslim boy was
asked to go and sit in the last row. After the school both the boys went home an
told their respective parents about the incident.
Father of the Hindu Priest’s son, Lakshmana Sastry summoned the new teacher
and couselled him not to poison the young mindsby spreading the ideas of social
inequality and intolerence. He aslso bluntly asked the new teacher either to
apologise or quit the school.
Now write a possible conversation between Lakshmana Sastry and the new teacher.

Teacher : Good evening sir !
Sastry : Good evening
Teacher : Take your seat, sir.
Sastry : Thank you !
Teacher : May I know why I have beeb
called on ?
Sastry : I want to talk to you on what
happened in my son’s classroom
today.
Teacher : What happened, sir ?
Sastry : You made Kalam go and sit on
the back bench, didn’t you ?
Teacher : Yes, I thought it was not our
custom for a Muslim boy to sit by
a Brahmin boy.
Sastry : Don’t think like that once again.
As a teacher you should not do
that.
Teacher : Actually, ………..um …….!
Sastry : Don’t try to say anything. You

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should not spread the poison of
social inequality and communal
intolerance in the minds of
innocent children.
Teacher : Do you think it is wrong on my
part ?
Sastry : Yes. It’s wrong on part of you. You
should apologize or quit the
school and this village.
Teacher : Sorry, sir! I could have not
behaved like that.
Sastry : Ok! But this is not enough. You
should change your behaviour.
Teacher : Thank you! I will follow your
advice.
Sastry : It’s alright !

5 You have read in the lesson ‘My Childhood’ that when Kalam wanted to go
Ramananthapuram for higher studies, Kalam’s mother was hesitant. Kalam’s father
tried to console and comfort her.
Now write a possible conversation between Kalam’s father and mother in this
context.

Mother : Kalam wants to go to Ramanathapuram.
Father : I know. He has already told me.
Mother : I am not prepared to be left
without him.
Father : You should understand his needs.
Mother : What happens if he doesn’t go for
higher studies ?
Father : It is his desire. We should
understand him.
Mother : Anyhow, I don’t like to send him
to Ramanathapuram. What would
you like to say ?
Father : I cannot ask him to stay with us. I
know Kalam can become a great
man.
Mother : Don’t you understand the
mother’s heart ?
Father : I can understand. But you should
understand that your children are
not your children. They are the
sons and daughter of Life’s
longing for itself.
Mother : Can’t we make Kalam educate
from our village ?
Father : It’s not possible. You should
understand that you can give him
your love but not your thoughts.
He has his own thoughts.
Mother : Ok! I need some more time to be
comforted.
Father : Ok! Take your own time.
Mother : May God give him bright future !
Father : I hope the same.

Descriptions.

1. describe rameswaram and its people. A…….Though Rameswaram was a small town, the
   people celebrate the Kalyana Mahotsavam of Lord
   Rama and Sita in a grand manner. All the people of
   Rameswaram, irrespective of their religion congregate
   at Lord Rama’s temple. There is shehnai, dholak and
   all other bands to take Lord Rama on procession. The
   temple chariot is elegantly decorated with flowers and
   garlands for the procession of Lord Rama and Sita.
   The idols, kept on the heads of the couple of
   endowment department are grandly and carefully
   lodged in the chariot amidst the praises and laurels of
   Lord Sri Rama. They were toured in the streets of
   Rameswaram. Huge gatherings follow the chariot and
   some hold the logs tied to the chariot with great
   respect and devotion. The deities are honoured and
   offerings are made by people throughout.
   The idols of Lord Rama and Sita carried in my
   father’s boat and some elite people accompany the
   deities to Rama Tirtha where the Kalyana Mahotsavam
   is celebrated. The other devotees follow the boat to
   the Tirtha and the occasion of Kalyanam (marriage) is
   performed in a pompous and grandeur style. The
   people in thousands view the occasion thinking it is
   their greatest fortune to indulge in such ceremonious
   and festive celebration.
2. Describe unity in diversity.
   India is a well known country of oldest civilization in the world where people of many
   ethnic groups live together for years. India is a country of diverse civilization where people
   used of using almost 1650 spoken languages and dialects according to their religion and
   choice. In spite of being related from different cultures, traditions, religions and languages;
   people here respect each other and live together with lots of love and feeling of
   brotherhood.

People living here and there all over the Indian land are joined together by one faith of
brotherhood. Unity in Diversity has been one of the great characteristic of our nation which
has bind people of all religions together in one bond of humanity.

We can never forget the freedom movements run by the people of all religions of India to
make India an independent country. The struggle for freedom is the great example of unity
in diversity in India.

Unity in diversity concept in India gives everyone a strong message that nothing is without
unity. Living together with love and harmony provides the real essence of life. Unity in
diversity in India shows us that we all are born, cared and nourished by one Supreme God.
Humanity and likelihood of people help them to maintain unity in diversity here. People in
India give high importance to the spirituality, Karma and Sanskar instead of their material
wealth which bring them more closer. People here have religion tolerance power as their
unique feature which helps them to feel no difficulty on the occurrence of different
religions.

3. describe kalams child hood
   From a small boy growing up in Rameswaram, to becoming the country’s eleventh
   President, A.P.J. Abdul Kalama��s life has been a tale of extraordinary
   determination, courage, perseverance and the desire to excel. Kalam had a tough
   childhood. He was born as Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam on 15 October
   1931 into a Muslim family in Rameswaram, then in the Madras Presidency in
   British India, and now in the state of Tamil Nadu. His father Jainulabudeen was a
   boat owner while his mother Ashiamma was a housewife. Kalam had four elder
   siblings.
   Even though his ancestors had been wealthy traders, the family had lost most of its
   fortunes by the 1920s and was poverty-stricken by the time Kalam was born. As a
   young boy he had to sell newspapers in order to add to the family’s meager income.
   Even though the family was not financially well-off, the children were raised in an
   atmosphere filled with love. In one of the books which Kalam wrote decades later,
   he fondly remembered how his mother would lovingly feed her own quota of food
   to the children and go hungry herself.
   He was a good student and always curious to learn more about how things
   happened. When he was ten years old, one of his teachers, Siva Subramania Iyer,
   took the students to the seashore and asked them to observe the birds in flight.
   Then the teacher gave the children a theoretical explanation, which coupled with
   the live practical example, cast a deep influence on young Kalam’s mind. That very
   day the boy realized that his life’s calling had something to do with flight.
   After completing his studies at Schwartz Higher Secondary School, he enrolled at
   Saint Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli, graduating in science in 1954. Pursuing his
   childhood dream, he travelled to Madras to study aerospace engineering in Madras
   Institute of Technology.

During his third year, he was assigned a project to design a low-level attack aircraft
together with a few other students. The project was a difficult one and on top of it,
their guide gave them a very tight deadline. The young men toiled together,
working under immense pressure, and finally managed to achieve the target within
the stipulated deadline. The guide was thoroughly impressed by Kalam’s
dedication.

Diary Entry.
NATION AND DIVERSITY. &. MY CHILDHOOD.

1..imagine that you are the kalam . you faced the pathetic situation in your school. Your
new teacher asked you to sit in the last bench , not beside the hindu friend. Write your
emotions in your diary entry.
27 th february,2019. Saturday.
9.00 p.m.
Dear Diary,
Today the worst thing happened in my school. New teacher came and saw me that I was
sitting next to my friend who was a son of high priest. I am muslim. The new tacher
couldn’t stomach my sitting beside hindu. Suddenly he shouted on me and asked me to sit
in the last bench. For a moment I could not understand anything. My friend , Brahmin ,
cried a lot. It was unbearable for me.
I don’t know why shouted on me? What he had seen in me?what was his opinion? As a
teacher he shouldn’t have said this to us. instead he was encouraging social discrimination
and community dis beliefs. So, I told my father about the incident and the my friend too did
the same. Let me see tomorrow what happens . the teacher should teach us good thing but
not the discrimination. I am so sad today. I wish it shouldnot have happened .

Kalam.

2.what was the feelings of abdul kalam when he was invited by his science teacher for the
second time to his house for dinner? Write your felings in your diary by thnking that
yourself as kalam.

28thfebruary,2019. Sunday.
10.00 p.m.
Dear diary,

What an awkward situation I am facing now! My reverend teacher should not have called
me for the second time. His wife who is austere, and staunch orthodox Brahmin,who
couldn’t digest that a muslim being eaten in her ritualistic kitchen. I have seen it today. But
I got a doubt which is superficial. What she had observed me while I ma having my dinner
? is any difference in my eating or drinking water or how much I am eating?
It made me to think in different way. I was disguted .but I lik my science teacher who was
too orthodox brahmin, served with his own hands and sat beside me to eat. It was a great
moment for me. So, with that opini0n next week I ll go to dinner. My teacher told me tht if
you want to see the change we need to confront the situations like this.
Abdul.

28. Today I have seen the our jawans are being blasted in the pulawar attack. After seeing
    the incident, I thought of writing a diary about a plea for india. Write in your dairy about
    riots and blastings….

14thfebruary,2019. Thursday
9.30p.m.

Dear Diary,
Very deeply hurt. Sadden heart . tears are flowing . don’t know what to say r how to
express my agony and pain of todays killings of my jawans by the militants. At this time I
want to plead the world, why these plights, which leave us in poor plight? Irrespective of
our region, forget the castes, which makes us lose our charm. Let us ignore the selfish call
of each region, and listen once for the cll of the nation.
Why do we spend our time bickering when so many tasks need to finishing? Let us unite,
and fight against those who incite. Let us not misled, by those who want to see us dead. We
are a strong united nation, all we need is a bit of dedication.

Sudhakar.

29. write the great ness of unity in diversity in india in your diary.

28 th february,2019. Friday.
10.00p.m.
Dear Diary,
I am proud of my country. India , a country of many ethnic groups , is a land of myriad
languages, a veritable babel of tongues and numerous modes of apparel. For the most part,
the continental dimensions of the country account for these variations and diversities.
Besides , there are several religions, sects and beliefs, but there are certain common links

165

and uniting bonds that people have sought to develop in oder to achieve the eminently
desirable goal of unity amidst diversity.

sudhershan

30. man has set foot on the moon in his quet for space travel, but finds himself isolated in
    his own society and community. Write about this given insight in your diary.

27 th february,2019. Thursday.
10.00 p.m.
Dear diary,
In the strand of cultural unity running through the country that we ae heir to, and to which
people in the west are increasingly turning now. It is up to the younger genenration to
uphld this torch f cultural unity for the rest of the world to see, follow and emulate, and not
get dazed by the superficial prosperity and material achievement of the west, where man
has set foot on the moon inhis quest for space travel, but finds himself isolated inhis own
society and community.
Nani.

Speeches.

1. write a script for the speech of unity in diversity in India.

hon’ble President, Respected Principal, Respected teachers and Administration staff
members and my dear fellow students,

I, xxxxxxxxx,class teth. I am here to give away some words on unity in diversity in india.
It’s a great honour for me to welcome you all and speak a few lines on this special
occasion.

Since the time of Independence, India has witnessed a lot of changes at the political, social
and cultural front. But one thing that remains intact is its’ ‘Unity in Diversity’. We all
know, Unity is the most influential factor in solving the cultural and social problems. It
infuses respect amongst people irrespective of their religious and cultural differences. India

is famous for having multi-cultural system and yet people live together with peace and
harmony.

India is a colourful country, inhabited by people who believe in different religions, follow
different tradition, culture and have their individual belief and lifestyle; yet they come
together to celebrate festivals of each other. While Ganesh Chaturthi is celebrated with a
lot of vigour in West India, Diwali, Holi are the attractions for North, Navratra is Gujarat’s
heart and Janmashtmi is UP’s soul. This is one of the factors which attract foreign tourists
the most and they especially visit India during Holi, Diwali, EiD, Christmas, Lohri, etc.
India has the oldest civilization and culture and some of which still being practised today.
Though there is no dearth of diverse and assorted cultures in India, it is still an epitome of
the famous Slogan ‘Unity in Diversity’.

Our present Indian civilization is sustained and nurtured by the multi-ethnicities of
different states. We all are aware that diverse races such as Mughals, Britishers, etc. have
migrated into India via sea and land routes. They conquered the country and settled here
for several years.

India is a huge and populous country. It has 29 states with 22 official spoken languages,
but in reality there are 150 different mother tongues spoken in different parts of the
country. This is certainly amazing because despite so many differences, India still stands
firm as a strong nation. People here are emotional and that’s the most popular language
they understand which keep them united in all aspects. Not only language, but Indians vary
from each other in food habit, attire, social and cultural behaviour, ethnicity, festivals and
religious beliefs.

The political condition is stable in India and it allows multinational companies to start their
venture, which opens up employment opportunities for the Indians. People in India are soft
spoken and caring irrespective of the part they belong to.

Not to forget, there are some anti-social elements who try to corrupt the country by their
behaviour and activities, yet India remains united. It is the force of our motherland, which
give us so much of strength and tolerance to accept the adversity and promote ‘Unity in
Diversity’.

Thank You!

Jai hind.

2. write a script for the speech on unity is strength.
   UNITY IS STRENGTH
   Good Evening Friends – A warm welcome to everybody at my house party!

I am extremely happy at this moment and cannot hide my happiness as we all are meeting
after a very long time. Even though we always remain in touch over the phone and catch up
with each other in a scattered form, but not as an entire group. Hence, today I am so glad
that we get to meet each other as a group under one roof after many-many years.

Our friendship has always been very special and our group used to be the object of envy
not only for our classmates, but for the entire college too. Despite the fact that there were
other big groups, but it’s only our group of seven people that always used to attract
maximum number of eyeballs. Am I not right guys? During our college days, the way we
loved each other, we also fought with each other with equal intensity, but never drew apart.
We continued to remain united even at the worse possible scenario and this is the only
reason why we are still together after having finished our college long five years back.

You must be wondering why am I giving a speech on togetherness! We may not realize
this, but let me tell you friends that it’s one of the biggest strengths of any relationship. We
all know that “Unity is Strength” and any civilization can face a steep decline if its people
do not stand united. Hence, we should realize the major strength of our relationship and
from where it draws its source of life, i.e. Unity or our willingness to remain together under
any compelling circumstances, so that we can cherish it for our lifetime.

It is so unfortunate that our country which used to be an ideal epitome of “Unity in
Diversity” is experiencing nerve wrecking cases of blood bath and man slaughter. It’s high
time that we teach ourselves the value of compassion, love, humility and tolerance and
understand that conflict or wars only destroys and never mends things.

It’s only by remaining united that we can understand its importance and prevent our society
from falling into a deep abyss from which there will be no escape. I hope our friendship
just grows stronger and stronger with time and we also continue to spread the message of
unity and togetherness.
Thank You!

4. Write a script for the speech on A PLEA FOR INDIA.
5. good morning friends.
   Respected principal sir, honourable teachers and my dear fellow students,
   I,xxxxxxx, class 10 th student. I am very pleased to say few words on a plea for india. What
   do we need to make our country so strong and united?
   As Indians, we must be proud to be part of a strong nation. Nothing can disrupt our origin
   or the race e belong to. When this is so, we should not fight over petty issues that portray
   us badly to other nations. Instead, we should forget all caste differences and join together
   to listen to the call of the nation. We have much better things to do for the country than
   spending our times bickering and creating new problems.
   It is high time that we Indians start thinking seriously on ending the riots that have brought
   us nothing but shame. When we have the power to win, it is only fair that we join together
   to fight against those who incite and try to mislead us in order to see us dead. We must
   remember that we are a strong united nation and all that is needed from us is some
   dedication towards our motherland.
   Thank you.

Editing

71. I knew(a) Clementina isn’t in good health; she is to(b) nervous. In serving the rabbit
    she spilles(c) a great lot of it, boiled(d) hot, over my hand but(e) wrist.
    KEY: (a) know (b) so (c) spilled (d) boiling (e) and
72. And the dear girl was so sorry! But Gen.Pinkney! – Joe, that old man nearly gone(a)
    mad. He rushed downstairs but(b) sent somebody out to the(c) drugstore for some oil and
    things to bound(d) it up with. It didn’t(e) hurt so much now.
    KEY: (a) went (b) and (c) a (d) bind (e) doesn’t
73. ‘What’s this?” asked Joe, taking the hand tenderly and pulled(a) at some white threads
    been(b) the bandages. ‘It’s something soft,’ said Delia, ‘that has(c) oil on it. Oh, Joe,
    does(d) you sell another sketch?’ she had saw(e) the money on the table.
    KEY: (a) pulling (b) beneath (c) had (d) did (e) seen
74. ‘Did I?’ said Joe; ‘just asked(a) the man from Peoria. He got his goods yard today, and
    he isn’t sure but he thought(b) he wants another view of the park and the(c) view on the
    Hudson river. What time this afternoon do(d) you burn our(e) hand, Dele?’
    KEY: (a) ask (b) thinks (c) a (d) did (e) your
75. ‘Five o’clock, I think,’ said Dele sadly. ‘The iron – I mean the rabbit come(a) off the
    fire about that time. You ought to had(b) seen Gen. Pinkney, Joe, when………’ ‘Sit down
    hear(c) a moment, Dele,’ said Joe. He drew here(d) to the sofa, sat besides(e) her and put
    his arm across her shoulders.
    KEY: (a) came (b) have (c) here (d) her (e) beside
76. ‘What had(a) you been doing for the last two weeks, Dele?’ he asked. She looked at his
    face for a moment and(b) two with an eye full of love, and murmured the(c) word or two
    about Gen. Pinkney; but at length under(d) went her head and out come(e) the truth and
    tears.
    KEY: (a) have (b) or (c) a (d) down (e) came
77. ‘I couldn’t get any pupils,’ she confessed. ‘And I can’t(a) think of your giving up your
    lessons; and I got a place ironing shirts in that big twenty-fourth street laundry. And I think
    I do(b) very well to invent both General Pinkney and Clementina, don’t you, Joe? And
    than(c) a girl in the laundry set down a hot iron on mine(d) hand this afternoon, I was
    inventing that story about the Welsh rabbit all the way home. You’re not angry, are you,
    Joe? And if I hadn’t got the work you mayn’t(e) have sold your paintings to that man from
    Peoria.
    KEY: (a) couldn’t (b) did (c) when (d) my
    (e) mightn’t
78. ‘He wasn’t from Peoria,’ said Joe, slowly. ‘Well, it did(a) matter where he was from.
    How clever you were(b), Joe – and – kiss me, Joe – and what make(c) you ever suspect
    that I wasn’t giving music lessons to Clementina?’ ‘I didn’t,’ said Joe, ‘until tonight. I
    send(d) up this cotton waste and oil from the engine-room this afternoon for a girl upstairs
    who had her hand burned with an iron. I’ve been worked(e) the engine in that laundry for
    the last two weeks.’ ‘And then you didn’t………’
    KEY: (a) doesn’t (b) are (c) made (d) sent (e) working

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79. ‘Me(a) buyer from Peoria,’ said Joe, ‘and Gen. Pinkney were(b) both creators(c) of the
    same art – but you willn’t(d) call it either painting and(e) music.’ And then they both
    laughed, and Joe began:
    KEY: (a) my (b) are (c) creations (d) wouldn’t (e) or
80. ‘When one loves one’s art know(a) service seems –‘ but Delia stops(b) him with her
    hand on her(c) lips. ‘No,’ her(d) said – ‘just “When one loved(e).”
    KEY: (a) no (b) stopped (c) his (d) she (e) loves
    Synonyms
    54.India is _ to be a land of villages. Sixty-seven percent of the _ population still lives in villages. To people who live in villages, life in urban areas is full of . What
    they do not like is pollution, crowd, constant noise, and smoke rampant in cities,
    make them feel uneasy.
81. (A)asked (B)said (C) say (D)says
82. (A)country’s (B)countyr’s (C) countrys (D)country
83. (A)difficultis (B)difficult (C) difficulties (D)difficults
84. (A)vehiculer (B)vehicular (C) vehicles (D)vehicle
85. (A)why (B)where (C) which (D)what
    Keys: 1. said 2. country’s 3. difficulties 4. vehicular 5. which
    55.Agriculture is basically the cultivation of plants for the _ of food, fuel, fiber, medicines and other things that have become a necessity for the mankind. Agriculture
    also the breeding of animals. The development of agriculture to be a boon for
    the human civilization as __ also gave way to their development.
86. (A)production (B)produce (C) productions (D)produces
87. (A)most (B)many (C) all (D)more
88. (A)involing (B)involves (C) involving (D)involve
89. (A)turn (B)turning (C) turned (D)turns
90. (A)she (B)there (C)it (D)they
    Keys: 1. production 2. many 3. involves 4. turned 5. it
    56.Banks _ financial institutions that deal in monetary transactions. Banks an
    integral part of any society. _ are numerous banks located in different parts of our
    country. While earlier _ were limited number of banks with a _ few branches in big
    cities and towns in India.

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1. (A)is (B)was (C) are (D)were
2. (A)form (B)for (C) from (D)of
3. (A)these (B)their (C) there (D)they
4. (A)these (B)their (C) there (D)they
5. (A)an (B)the (C) no article (D)a
   Keys: 1. are 2. form 3. There 4. there 5. no article
   57.Plants are absolutely _ to life. of our basic functions from breathing to eating to
   drinking would be possible without plants. Plants not only __ as food sources but also
   _ oxygen and help maintain the water table. The simple fact of the matter is that without plants we not survive.
6. (A)eccential (B)essantial (C) escential (D)essential
7. (A)because (B)neither (C) none (D)one
8. (A)act (B)acted (C) acts (D)acting
9. (A)releasess (B)release (C) releasing (D)releases
10. (A)would (B)can (C) could (D)will
    Keys: 1. essential 2. None 3. act 4. release 5. would
    58.Traffic _ is a condition caused by the increasing vehicles on the road resulting in speed, longer route time and the loss of valuable time. Traffic jam occurs _ the vehicles have to completely for a period of time. It is an issue of serious concern in
    every city days. Traffic jam leads to sheer waste of productive time.
11. (A)congestion (B)congesstion (C) conjunction (D)congustion
12. (A)slowing (B)slow (C) slower (D)low
13. (A)while (B)when (C) if (D)where
14. (A)stopped (B)stops (C) stop (D)stoped
15. (A)these (B)their (C) there (D)those
    Keys: 1. congestion 2. slower 3. when 4. stop 5. these
    59.People _ in the villages mostly indulge in agricultural activities and away from
    the hustle and bustle of the _ city life. They lead a simple life. day in the life of a
    villager starts early morning. People usually _____around 5 am and start with their daily
    chores.
16. (A)living (B)leave (C) lives (D)live

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2. (A)staying (B)stood (C) stay (D)stays
3. (A)chotic (B)chaotic (C) choatic (D)chotic
4. (A)they (B)their (C) the (D)a
5. (A)wake (B)rise up (C) woke up (D)wake up
   Keys: 1. living 2. stay 3. chaotic 4. A 5. wake up
   60.Challenges are a part _ life. We face different challenges at different points in life. some people look at these challenges as an opportunity to learn something new others
   get disheartened and succumb to them. We many new things as we take on different challenges. These experiences make _ a better person.
6. (A)includes (B)for (C) in (D)of
7. (A)few (B)when (C) while (D)where
8. (A)buy (B)got (C) gets (D)get
9. (A)learnig (B)learn (C) learnt (D)learned
10. (A)us (B)them (C) him (D)you
    Keys: 1. of 2. while 3. get 4. learn 5. us
    61.A person with good health and _ becomes able to live his/her life to its fullest extent. It is very important for a person in life to be physically mentally fit to live a
    healthy and happy life. Healthy and fit people _ less prone to the medical conditions. Fitness mean to be physically fit only, ___ also means with healthy mental state of
    the person.
11. (A)fatness (B)fitness (C) fittness (D)fitnes
12. (A)or (B)because (C) but (D)and
13. (A)becomess (B)becomes (C) become (D)became
14. (A)does not (B)could not (C) would not (D)do not
15. (A)it (B)they (C) she (D)he
    Keys: 1. fitness 2. and 3. become 4. does not 5. it
    62.Yoga practiced by anyone as an exercise on daily basis to fulfill the need of very active and life especially teenagers and adults. It helps in coping with the hard times
    of life and pressure of school, friends, family and neighbours. yoga practice one
    can disappear his/her problems and stress given by _.
16. (A)will be (B)can be (C) should be (D) must be

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2. (A)demanded (B)demand (C) demanding (D)demands
3. (A)an (B)this (C) the (D)a
4. (A)if (B)from (C)though (D)through
5. (A)this (B)them (C) other (D)others
   Keys: 1. can be 2. demanding 3. the 4. Through 5. others
   63.The trees and other plants that form a part of the forests create an environment that is
   healthy for the breeding several species of animals. These are thus a habitat for a large
   variety of wild animals and birds.Different types of forests grow in different parts of the
   world.
6. (A)those (B)these (C)which (D)that
7. (A)wealthy (B)wealth (C)healthy (D)health
8. (A)if (B)thus (C)those (D)even
9. (A)rare (B)variety (C)different (D)varieties
10. (A)rise (B)grows (C)grow (D)grew
    Keys: 1. that 2. heathy 3. these 4. variety 5. grow
    64.A _ number of children in India are quite strangers to the joys and of the
    formative years of their lives. Instead of enjoying their early steps on life’s journey, they are forced to work under conditions of slavery. Child labour persists due to the of
    law, administrative system and exploitative tendencies _ the part of employers.
11. (A) group (B)large (C)huge (D)big
12. (A)innocense (B)innosence (C)innocence (D)innocent
13. (A)there (B)their (C)these (D)those
14. (A) unefficiency (B)unefficiency (C)effective (D)efficiency
15. (A)for (B)of (C)on (D)in
    Keys: 1. large 2. innocence 3. their 4. inefficiency 5. on
    65.Global warming has become a serious environmental problem which threatens to put
    the future of humankind in peril. According to experts, the major factor behind this rising
    phenomena of excessive emissions of carbon dioxide, as well as other greenhouse gases
    could lead to the flooding of lower lying coastal areas and also cities.
16. (A)an (B)as (C)the (D)a
17. (A)threatens (B)threatened (C)threatening (D)threaten

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3. (A)whatever (B)however (C)according (D)even
4. (A)excesseve (B)excecive (C)excesive (D)excessive
5. (A)fooding (B)floods (C)flooding (D)flood
   Keys: 1. a 2. theatens 3. according 4. excessive 5. flooding
   66.The television is a technological _ that allows the beaming of events happening enabling us to view them wherever we may be. It is electrically _ equipment. The television set is portable and not in size. The screen of the television is __ we
   see the images on.
6. (A)inventing (B)inventions (C)invention (D)inventory
7. (A)anywhere (B)everywhere (C)nowhere (D)anywhere
8. (A)operates (B)operated (C)operate (D)operating
9. (A)wield (B)wieldy (C)unwield (D)unwieldy
10. (A)if (B)that (C)which (D)what
    Keys: 1. invention 2. anywhere 3. operated 4. unwieldy 5. what
    67.A farewell is _ event organized to felicitate and a leaving colleague, student or
    teacher, to show him/her that how they mattered in the organization and that they will be missed by all. It is an event which is equally for the departing employee as well as
    for his/her colleagues who ___.
11. (A)of (B)an (C)a (D)the
12. (A)onor (B)honur (C)honor (D)honour
13. (A)any (B)many (C)more (D)much
14. (A)import (B)importent (C)important (D)importance
15. (A)remaining (B)reamain (C)remained (D)remains
    Keys: 1. an 2. honor 3. much 4. important 5. remained
    68.Indian Naval forces also presented a Beating Retreat ceremony _ Gateway of India, Mumbai showcasing the and courage of Indian Navy. Operational demonstrations by
    helicopters marine commandos became the highlights of the event. There also a
    ___ performance by the Naval Band on the occasion.
16. (A)in (B)as (C)at (D)on
17. (A)walor (B)walour (C)valor (D)valour
18. (A)of (B)because (C)and (D)but

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4. (A)was (B)were (C)are (D)is
5. (A)massmerizing (B)masmarizing (C)mesmarizing (D)tmesmerizing
   Keys: 1. at 2. valour 3. and 4. was 5. mesmerizing
   69.One of the _ factors of celebrating the national pollution control day every year is manage and control the Industrial Disaster as well___ as prevention of the pollution of
   water, air and soil. Varieties of laws _ declared by the Government all over world in order to seriously control and _ the pollution.
6. (A)leading (B)led (C)leads (Dlead
7. (A)two (B)for (C)too (D)to
8. (A)was (B)no article (C)are (D)is
9. (A)was (B)were (C)are (D)is
10. (A)present (B)prevents (C)prevent (D)preventing
    Keys: 1.leading 2. to 3. no article 4. are 5. prevent
    70.Girl Education was _ considered necessary in the previous time. But over
    period of time people have realized the importance of _ girl’s education. It is now
    as the awakening of girls in the modern era. Women are now ___ with men in all the
    spheres of life.
11. (A) since (B) nothing (C) ever (D)never
12. (A) an (B) no article (C) the (D)a
13. (A) of (B) a (C) an (D)the
14. (A) considers (B) considered (C)considering (D)consider
15. (A) competes (B) compensate (C) compiting (D)competing
    Keys: 1. Never 2. The 3. A 4. Considered 5. competing
    71.Life _ school is quite different from the life in school. _ are nurtured in a particular manner for around fifteen years of life and suddenly everything changes.
    Many teenagers to get perplexed by the kind of choices and atmosphere they _
    exposed to after school.
16. (A) next (B) after (C) in (D) over
17. (A) one (B) children (C) child (D)childrens
18. (A) these (B) they (C) their (D)there
19. (A) trending (B) trend (C) tent (D) tend

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5. (A) are (B) will (C) were (D)was
   Keys: 1.after 2. Children 3. Their 4. Tend 5. are
   72.
   73.What we call life is a very complex affair. It is not simply eating, reproducing and
   finally dying. Every creature_____these. Man has to lead a highly complicated life. It is
   like _ through a maze and coming out. He is an economic being and a social animal. He has to _ make a home, look after his people and attend _ his obligations to the society and the Government. So, in order to be successful he _ to develop certain
   qualities.
6. (A) is doing (B) will do (C) does (D) do
7. . (A) gone (B)going (C) went (D) making
8. (A) earn (B) earnn (C) arn (D) eaarn
9. (A) for (B) all (C) into (D) to
10. (A) havve (B) have (C) had (D) has
    Keys: 1.does 2. Going 3. Earn 4. To 5. has
11. The Delhi Police (a)_____busted a gang of robbers (b)_____had robbed ? 20 crore
    (c)_____a bank. The arrested have (d)____identified as Jaswant Tiwari, his brother
    Hemant Tiwari and his uncle Mithilesh Tiwari. The trio (f)_____caught red handed with
    the money stuffed in suitcases.
12. (A)there (B)had (C) has (D)have
13. (A)when (B)who (C) they (D)whom
14. (A)form (B)of (C) from (D)for
15. (A)was been (B)been (C)bring (D)being
16. (A)where (B)was (C) are (D)were
    Ans. (a) has (b) who (c) from (d) been (e) and (f) were
    75.Before alighting, the Wild Pigeon, like the Carolina Parrot and a few other species of
    birds, breaks die force of its flight by repeated flapping, (a)_ (so/although/even/as if) apprehensive of receiving injury from coming too suddenly (b)(with/in/inside/at)
    contact, either with the branch, (c)(or/and/neither/nor) the spot of ground on which
    it intends to settle.
17. (A)spicies (B)species (C) spices (D)specis
18. (A)so (B)although (C) even (D)as if

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3. (A)with (B)in (C) inside (D)at
4. (A)or (B)and (C) neither (D)nor
5. (A)into (B)at (C) on (D)in
   Ans. Species (a) as if (b) in (c) or
   76.High school is a critical time in the life of young people. On (b) (a/the/an/no article) one hand, teenagers are eager to enjoy their freedom and independence, while on the other hand, they must be disciplined enough to keep (b)__(their/ the/our/ there)
   priorities straight. In my opinion, the family, the peer group and the school impact high
   school students the (c)__(best/highest/most/maximum) at this vulnerable time.
6. (A)the (B)was (C) a (D)an
7. (A)a (B)the (C) an (D)an article
8. (A)there (B)the (C) our (D)their
9. (A)paer (B)pair (C)pear (D)peer
10. (A)maximum (B)most (C) highest (D)best
    Ans. (a) a (b) their (c) most
    77.Amitabh Bachchan is (a)(one/two/a/of) of the greatest actors this country has
    produced. His fluency, his gift of timing, his command over the language is unparalleled,
    (c)(never/otherwise/always/sometimes) his histrionic talents too are among the
    (d)(best/better/worst/good) this country (e)__ (was/have/has/had) produced.
    Even now he (f) (has/had/have/is) to be the most popular actor of the country.
11. (A)one (B)two (C) a (D)of
12. (A)never (B)otherwise (C)always (D)sometimes
13. (A)best (B)better (C) worst (D)good
14. (A)had (B)was (C) has (D)have
15. (A)is (B)has (C) had (D)is
    Ans. (a) one (b) over (c) sometimes (d) best (e) has (f) has
    9 Combining Sentences using ”who / which / that’
    (a) We lived in our ancestral house. It was built in the middle of
    the nineteenth century. (Combine the sentences with ‘which’)
    Ans: .
    (b) My brother -in-law Jallaluddin would tell me
    stories about the War. I would later attempt to
    trace them in the headlines in Dinamani.

3. (Combine the sentences with ‘which’)
4. Ans: .
5. (c) I used to wear a cap. It marked
6. me as a Muslim. (Combine the
7. sentences with ‘which’)
8. Ans: .
9. (d) I always sat in the front row next to Ramanadha sastry. He
10. wore the sacred thread. (Combine the sentences with ‘who’)
11. Ans: .
12. (e) My cousin was looking for a helping hand to
13. catch the bundles. He distributed newspapers
14. in Rameswaram.
15. (Combine the sentences with ‘who’)
16. Ans: .
17. (f) Our area was isolated. It was completely
18. unaffected by the war. (Combine the
19. sentences with ‘present participle’)
20. Ans: .
21. 10 Change the following sentence into passive voice. 1
22. (a). I filled the slot.
23. Ans . (b). Samsuddin helped me earn my first wages. Ans .
24. (c). The new teacher asked me to go and sit on the back bench.
25. Ans _.
26. (d). He invited me to his home for a meal.
27. Ans: .
28. (e). He served me with his own hands.
29. Ans: .

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11 Report the following into Indirect Speech

(a). Abdul Kalam said,” I filled the slot.”
Ans: .
(b). Abdul Kalam said,” I felt very sad.”
Ans: .
(c). Kalam said, “I always sat in the first row.”
Ans: .
12 Combining sentences using adverbs ‘as / since / because / if /
when / in spite of
/ such … that / although / so …. that / neither … nor / besides’.
(textual) 1
M
(a) Jainulabdeen had no much formal education. He had no much
wealth; (neither… nor)
Ans:
(b) I shifted to my seat in the last row. My friend looked utterly
downcast. (as)
Ans:
(c) There were freezing temperatures. They trekked for hours. (in spite
of)
Ans:
(d) It’s an interesting city. We’re going to visit it again. (such … that)
Ans:
(e) We booked a holiday. We had very little money. (although)
Ans:
(f) The tour guide was informative. We didn’t need to read our
guidebook. (so … that)
Ans:
(g) He didn’t like water. He booked a cruise. (In spite of the fact that)
Ans:
(h) Preachers preach many good things. Many of them do not practice
what they preach.

(
howeve
r)

Ans:
(i) The continental dimensions of the country
account for the variations and diversities .
There are several religious sects and
beliefs.( besides).
Ans:

13 Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions given in brackets.
(2X½ =1M)
(a) I was born __ a middle – class Tamil family. (in,

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(a). When Kalam was (leave) his house, Sivasubramania Iyer (invite) him to join him for
dinner again the next weekend.
(b). Samsuddin (help) Kalam earn his first wages.
(c). Sivasubramania Iyer ( invite) Kalam to his home for a meal.
(d). Sivasubramania Iyer’s wife ( take) Kalam inside her kitchen and (serve) him food with
her own hands.
into )
(b) Our house was made _ limestone and brick.
(of, with)
(c) A sudden demand _ tamarind seeds erupted
in the market. (for , to )
(d) I inherited honesty and self-discipline my parents. (from
,to)
(e) His wife was
horrified the idea of a Muslim
boy being invited to dine in her ritually
pure kitchen. (at, to )
(f) The whole country was filled an unprecedented optimism.(with ,
by )

14 Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of verbs given in brackets.

1M
15 (a) Your friend is going to visit Kerala.
Advise him to learn a few words of Malayalam before he goes.

.

Ans. .
b)Your friend has been
wasting money on
expensive clothes. Advise
her to be more careful with
her money.
.
Ans. .
(b) Your friend is fond of eating fast food. Advise him to be
careful about his health.
.
Ans. Your class mate is
wasting his time. The examinations are fast approaching. Advise
him to concentrate on his studies. .
Ans. .
(c) Your friend rides his bike at night with out lights. You
think it is dangerous. Advise him not to do it. .
Ans. .
(d) Your teacher has assigned a task in English to
your friend which he thinks is very difficult. Advice
him to try it.

169

Ans. .
16 Change the following into a polite request. 1M
(a) You to a friend : “Tell me the details of home work.”

Ans. .
(b) You to a friend : ” Wait a minute.”

Ans. .
(c) You to a stranger : ” Show me the way to the Railway Station.”

Ans. .
(d) Old man on the train : ” Put my box on the top rack, young man!”

Ans. .
(e) You to the conductor : ” What is the bus fare to Vijayawada? “

Ans. .
(f) You to your teacher: “Permit me to use your cell phone”

Ans. .
17 (i) Your friend has been elected leader of the school.What will
you say to him?
(a) Lucky man! ( ) (b) Congratulations! ( )
(c) Greetings! ( ) (d) Good for you! ( )
(ii) You spoke rudely to your aunt. You want to apologize. What
do you say to her?

(a) You don’t mind, do you? ( ) (b)
Why don’t you forget it? ( )
(c) I am sorry! ( ) (d) I’m a fool! ( )
(iii) Your friend has won a gold medal in school sports. What
would you say to him?
(a) Don’t worry! ( ) (b) I am sorry! ( )
(c) Keep it up! ( ) (d) Good for you! ( )

169

(iv) Your are going on a pilgrimage. What would you say to
them?

(a) Congratulations! ( ) (b) Very
fine! ( )
(c) Good luck! ( ) (d) Happy journey! ( )
(v) Your friend going on a visit to Chennai. You are seeing
him off at the station. What would you say?
(a) Best of luck! ( ) (b) Wish you a happy journey! ( )
(c) Congratulations! ( ) (d) All the
best! ( )
(vi) Your friend presented you a camera as a
gift on your birthday. What would you say
to him?
(a) It’s very good of you! ( ) (b) Keep
it up! ( )
(c) I am happy! ( ) (d) Congratulations! ( )
(vii) The city bus conductor
gaveyou, your lost purse. What
would you say to him?
(a) It’s a pity! ( ) (b) It’s wonderful! ( )
(c) Thank you very much! ( ) (d)
It is very nice! ( )
(viii) You told your father that you got a distinction in the
school final examination. What would your father say?
(a) Is it! ( ) (b) It’s nice! ( )
(c) I’m proud of you! ( ) (d) Good
luck! ( )
18 What do the following
sentences mean? Put a
tick(√) mark against the
right answer.
(A) (i) Why do you waste money? You can have my bicycle for a
few days.
(a) Making an offer ( ) (b) Giving an order ( )

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(c) Making
suggestion ( ) (d) Asking a question ( )

(ii) Where can I get a car for hire?
(a) Making a request ( ) (b) Asking a question ( )
(c) Making a suggestion

( ) (d) Seeking
information ( )

(B) (i) It’s getting late. Why don’t you take a taxi?
(a) Asking a question ( ) (b)
Making a suggestion ( )
(c) Seeking help ( ) (d) Refusing
help ( )
(ii) It may rain in few minutes.
(a) Making a request ( ) (b) Expressing
a purpose ( )
(c) Expressing possibility ( ) (d)
Seeking permission ( )
(C) (i) Would you mind closing the door?
(a) A request ( ) (b) An order ( )
(c) A suggestion ( ) (d) An advice ( )
(ii) Won’t you get me a little water?
(a) Making a request ( ) (b) Refusing a request ( )
(c) Asking
permission ( ) (d) Agreeing to a

request ( )

(D) (i) Please write your name.
(a) seeking permission ( ) (b)
making a suggestion ( )
(c) Making a request ( ) (d) making an
offer ( )
(ii) May I take you to dinner?
(a) Making a request ( ) (b) Offerering
help ( )

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(c) Seeking permission ( ) (d)
Making a suggestion ( )
(E) (i) It’s high time we bought a new car.
(a) Offering help ( ) (b) Giving a suggestion ( )
(c) Giving an order ( ) (d) Seeking

information ( )

(ii) It’s time we left for the play ground.
(a) Offering help ( ) (b) Giving a suggestion ( )
(c) Giving an order ( ) (d) Seeking

information ( )

(F) (i) It’s about time we took our supper.
(a) Offering help ( ) (b) Giving a suggestion ( )
(c) Giving an order ( ) (d) Seeking

information ( )

(ii) It’s quite time we went home.
(a) Offering help ( ) (b) Giving a suggestion ( )
(c) Giving an order ( ) (d) Seeking

information ( )

9 Key. Combining Sentences using ”who / which / that’
(a) We lived in our ancestral house which was built in the middle of the nineteenth century.
(b) (2) My brother -in-law Jallaluddin would tell me stories about the War which I
would later attempt to trace them in the headlines in Dinamani.
(c) I used to wear a cap which marked me as a Muslim.
(d) I always sat in the front row next to Ramanadha sastry who wore the sacred thread.
(e) My cousin who distributed newspapers in Rameswaram was looking for a helping
hand to catch the bundles.
(f) Being isolated, our area was completely unaffected by the war.
10 Change the following sentence into Passive voice.
(a) The slot was filled by me.
(b) I was helped to earn my first wages by Samsuddin.
(c) I was asked to go and sit on the back bench by the new teacher.
(d) I was invited to his home for a meal by him.
(e) I was served with his own hands by him.
11 Change the following into Reported Speech.
(a) Abdul Kalam said that he had filled the slot.
(b) Abdul Kalam said that he had felt very sad.
(c) Kalam said that he had always sat in the first row.
Combining sentences using adverbs ‘as / since / because / if / when / in spite of /
12 such … that / although / so …. that / neither … nor / besides’. (textual)
(a) Jainulabdeen had neither much formal education nor much wealth.
(b) As I shifted to my seat in the last row, my friend looked utterly downcast.

216

171

(c) Inspite of the freezing temperatures, they trekked for hours.
(d) It’s such an interesting city that we’re going to visit it again.
(e) We booked a holiday although we had very little money.
(f) The tour guide was so informative that we didn’t need to read our guidebook.
(g) In spite of the fact that he didn’t like water, he booked a cruise.
(h) Preachers preach many good things however many of them do not practice what
they preach.

( however)

(i) The continental dimensions of the country account for the variations and diversities
besides
there are several religious sects and beliefs.
13 Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions given in
brackets. (a). born into (b)2. made of

(c). demand for (d). inherited sth from
(e). horrified at (f). filled with
14 Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of verbs given in brackets.
(a). was leaving ; invited (b). helped (c). invited (d). took; served
15 (a). You should learn a few words of Malayalam before you
go to Kerala. (b). You should be more careful with your
money.
(c). You should be careful about
your health. (d). You should
concentrate on your studies.
(e). You should not ride your bike at night with
out lights. (f). You should try it.
16 Change the following into a polite request.

171
(a). Could you please tell me the details of
home work? (b). Could you please wait a
minute ?
(c). Could you please show me the way to the Railway Station?
(d). Could you please put my box on the top rack,
young man ? (e). Could you please tell me what is the
bus fare to Vijayawada? (f). Could you please permit
me to use your cell phone, sir?
17 i. (b) Congratulations! ( √ ) ii. (c) I am sorry! ( √ )
iii.(c) Keep it up! ( √ ) iv. (d) Happy journey! ( √ )
v. (b) Wish you a happy journey! ( √ ) vi. (a) It’s very
good of you! ( √ )
vii.(c) Thank you very much! ( √ ) viii.(c) I’m proud
of you! ( √ )

18 A. (i) (a) Making an offer ( √ ) (ii) (d) Seeking
information ( √ )
A. (i) (b) Making a suggestion ( √ ) (ii) (c) Expressing possibility ( √ )
B. (i) (a) A Request ( √ ) (ii) (a) Making a request ( √ )
C. (i) (c) Making a request ( √ ) (ii) (c) Seeking
permission ( √ )
D. (i) (b) Giving a suggestion ( √ ) (ii) (b) Giving a
suggestion ( √ )
E. (i) (b) Giving a suggestion ( √ ) (ii) (b) Giving a
suggestion ( √ )

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Paper Cost #
Printing Cost #
Binding #
Transportation #
Royalty #
Promotion Cost #
Promotion Cost
10%
Royalty
15%

Paper Cost
25%

Transportation
10%

Printing Cost

Binding
20%

20%

Paper 2
Part a.
Reading Comprehension

1 Study the following pie chart carefully. 5 x 1 = 5M

Percentage distribution of the expenditure incurred in publishing a

book.

Now, Answer the following questions.
a) What does the above pie chart show?
b) What is the major expenditure made in publishing a book?
c) Promotion cost is as much as…. ( )
(i) Royalty (ii) Transporation cost (iii) Paper cost
d) The difference in percentage between paper cost and printing cost is…..( )
(i) 5% (ii) 45% (iii) 25%
e) Which of the following statements is true according to the pie chart. ( )

171
i) Royalty on the book is 10%.
ii) Promotion cost is higher than printing cost.
iii) Transportation cost is lesser than binding cost.
1 Key.
2 The above pie chart shows the ‘percentage distribution of the expenditure incurred
in publishing a book’.
b). The major expenditure made in publishing a book is paper cost
(25%) c). (ii) d). (i) e). (iii)
1.
The following pie-chart shows the sources of funds to be collected by the National
Highways Authority of India (NHAI) for its Phase II projects. Study the pie-chart and
answers the question that follow.
Sources of funds to be arranged by NHAI for Phase II projects (in crores Rs.)

1.  Near about 20% of the funds are to be arranged through:

2.  If NHAI could receive a total of Rs. 9695 crores as External Assistance, by what percent
(approximately) should it increase the Market Borrowing to arrange for the shortage of funds?

3.  If the toll is to be collected through an outsourced agency by allowing a maximum 10%
commission, how much amount should be permitted to be collected by the outsourced agency,
so that the project is supported with Rs. 4910 crores?
A. Rs. 6213 crores

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B. Rs. 5827 crores
C. Rs. 5401 crores
D. Rs. 5316 crores

4.  The central angle corresponding to Market Borrowing is
A. 52°
B. 137.8°
C. 187.2°
D. 192.4°

5. . Choose the correct statement from the given below statements based on the data given
   above
6. Major part of sources of funds to be collected by the National Highways Authority of
   India (NHAI) for its Phase II projects from Tolls
7. Approximately 50% of sources of funds to be collected by the National Highways
   Authority of India (NHAI) for its Phase II projects from
   Market borrowing.
   3.Second highest sources of funds to be collected by the National Highways Authority of
   India (NHAI) for its Phase II projects from
   SPVS.
   KEY:
   1.External Assistance
   2.6%
   3.C
   4.C
   5.2
   2 Read the following passage (unseen).

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One day while a sage was going through a jungle, he saw two rams fighting each
other. Eventhough both were wounded, and blood was oozing out from their heads
ands bodies, they did not stop fighting and rammed at each other.
At the same time a hungry jackal was passing by. When he saw all the blood , he
started licking the blood from the ground with out caring for the fighting rams.
Watching all this , the sage thought to himself, ” This jackal is a fool as it has
become greedy by the smell of blood. If he comes between the fighting rams, it will
get rammed and get hurt himself.”
No sooner had the sage thought of it, the jackal craving for more blood came
nearer to the fighting rams, and got caught in the middle of their fight.
Both the rams rammed into him by mistake. He got hit on his head, and fell down
and died because he was severely wounded.
Now answer the following questions. 5X1 = 5m

1. Who were fighting each other?
2. Why did the jackal come nearer to them?
3. Looking at the blood………………. ( )
   (i) The rams
   stopped their fight (ii) The sage fell down (iii) The jackal started
   licking 4. The result of the fight was………………… ( )
   (i) The two rams died (ii) The sage died (iii) The jackal died
4. Choose correct statement from the following. ( )
   (i) The sage thought that the two rams would die if they continued their fight.
   (ii) The sage thought that if the jackal came nearer to the rams, they would stop their
   fight.
   (iii) The sage thought that if the jackal came between the fighting
   rams, it would get rammed and get hurt himself.
   3 Key. a). Two rams were fighting each other.

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b). The jackal craving for more blood came nearer to the fighting
rams c). (iii) d). (iii) e). (iii)

One day, I hopped in a taxi and we took off for the airport. We were driving in the
right lane when suddenly a car jumped out of a parking space right in front of us. My
taxi driver slammed on his brakes, skidded and missed the other car by just inches !
The driver of the other car whipped his head around and started yelling at us. My
taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy. And I mean he was really friendly.
So I asked, ‘Why did you just do that ? This guy almost ruined your car and sent us
to the hospital!’
This is when my taxi driver taught me what I now call the ‘The law of the Garbage
Truck’.
He explained that many people are like garbage trucks. They run around full of
garbage, full of anger, and full of disappointment. As their garbage piles up, they
need a place to dump it and sometimes they’ll dump it on you. Don’t take it
personally. Just smile, wave, wish them well, and move on. Don’t take their garbage
and spread it to other people at work, at home or on the streets.
The bottom line is that successful people do not let garbage trucks take over their
day. Life’s too short to wake up in the morning with regrets, so ‘Love the people who
treat you right. Forgive the ones who don’t’. This attitude will help you sail through
life. There will be fewer jerks and bumps. Learn to take the bad with the good for life
can never be perfect. Acceptance of what is, is the solution. Don’t react, just accept
and you will be a lot more happy.
Life is ten percent what you make it and ninety percent how you take it!
QUESTIONS
1) What we should do anyone show anger on us ?
2) Explain the” Law of The garbage truck” ?
3) When some one hurt us we should
(i) Smile and wave our hand
(ii) Throw garbage on them
(iii) Do the same thing what they did

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4) Life is composed of
(i) 10./. what we take it
(ii) 90./. what we make it
(iii) 90./. what we take it
5) Choose the correct statement /
(i) Life always teaches us to share our love and kindness
(ii) Regret everyone and ignore them
(iii) Life always says to throw garbage on others
KEY
1) Be calm and smile and wish them with great warmings
2) Law of garbage truck means if someone are angry they
dump their anger on others and sometimes even on you so this
law og garbage truck
3) Ans option (i)
4) Ans option (iii)
Ans option (i)
3 Read the following passage carefully
Once there lived a rich merchant. He had one constant worry. His young
handsome son fell into bad company. He soon formed various bad habits.
One day suddenly an idea came into merchant’s mind. He brought a dozen fresh
ripe apples. He told his son to put them in a basket. One of the apples was rotten. He
pointed out it to his father. But, the merchant told him to put it also among the good
apples. It was evening. So, the father told his son to keep the basket aside. They would
eat the apples next day.
The basket of apples was opened the next morning. All the apples turned bad and
rotten. Not even one was worth eating. The merchat pointed out that one rotten apple
had spoiled all of the apples. He told his son that this wa the result of bad company.
One should away from bad things and wicked people.
The father’s words went straight to the boy’s heart. He gave up bad company.

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Now arrange the following jumbled sentences in a sequential order basing on the
story.

5X1 =5

(a) The merchant’s son gave up bad company.
(b) All the apples turned bad and rotten.
(c) The merchant’s son fell into bad company.
(d) The merchant thought an idea to teach a lesson to his son.
(e) Merchant told his son to put a rotten apple among the good apples.
4 Ans. _ Ans. c, d, e, b, a

11. Friendship is essential for the successful wellbeing of every person. It is based on the
    simple rules of trust and honesty. A true friend is a person you can always count on when
    you face challenges and serious problems. He or she always offers a shoulder to cry on in
    case something wrong happens. Your soulmate always listens to your problems, gives you
    good piece of advice, and never talks behind your back. A true friend is never envious of
    your accomplishments and achievements. This person respects you and keeps all your
    secrets. You can always tell your trusted friend your flaws and be sure that your
    revelations are safe. A good friend is always loyal to you and never lets you down. Being
    trustworthy is a very important factor in any friendship. A true friendship is a reward for
    all the good we do in our life. A true friend is there for you in the times of need, he makes
    you smile when you forgot how to, and lift you up when you cant not lift up yourself. A true friend is one who never deserts you and is your inseparable companion in the time of happiness and sorrow. However, it is necessary to judge people correctly in order to make the right choice of a true friend. We should be very careful as there are a lot of people who can easily deceive others in order to gratify their self –interest and achieve their aims. This person should help you move on the right path. You should be patient and have a sense of tolerance to maintain a good friendship. There should be no suspicion and no disbelief in such kind of relationship. True friends are worth more than all the treasures of the world.  Friendship is doing your best to make your friend happy. Friendship is forever, no matter what. It is the most wonderful relationship that every person can have if he or she is loyal, dependable, kind, caring, and loving. True friends try to avoid conflicts and do everything possible to make their relations stronger. Some people can even make sacrifices and risk their lives for a friend. A true friendship is something that cant be expressed with words. Friendship is
    being able to cry together. Friendship is being foolish together. It is being mad at each
    other. True friends are always ready to protect each other from being hurt emotionally and
    physically. It takes time and patience to build a strong friendship and achieve trust

171

between two soulmates. It is very important to have somebody with whom you can share
your thoughts freely.

1. Friendship is doing your best to make your friend happy.
2. A good friend is always loyal to you and never lets you down.
3. We should be very careful as there are a lot of people who can easily deceive
   others in order to gratify their self –interest.
4. He or she always offers a shoulder to cry on in case something wrong happens.
5. It takes time and patience to build a strong friendship and achieve trust between
   two soulmates.
   KEY: 4, 2, 3, 1, 5
   Write a letter to your friend about the highlighting the benefits of right to education act.
   amaravathi
   21.10.2019.
   My Dear Shravan,
   I hope everything is fine at your end. In this letter. I am highlighting the benefits of the
   Right to Education Act passed by the Parliament recently. I think that it becomes the duty
   of every citizen to strengthen the hands of the government in such an
   important field.
   Even after 6 decades of independence there is still a large number of illiterate people in
   our country. Secondly, compulsory education up to fourteen years remains still a dream. It
   is, you know, because of political will.
   Illiteracy is still a curse. It deprives the people of various opportunities to progress well in
   life. Illiterate people can be deceived and exploited by the crafty ones. Various schemes
   for their uplift can’t reach them. Equally, illiterate nations can’t reap the benefits of
   progress and change. Poverty, unemployment and exploitation remain the same and
   cripple India’seconomy. To become a truly developed nation, it isnecessary that each
   citizen should be educated atany cost.
   We, as responsible citizens, can do a lot in thisregard. We can discourage child labour and
   motivateall children to go to schools. We can raise funds toenable the parents to bear the
   extra cost of educatingpoor children. We can make the illiterate aware of
   the benefits of literacy.
   Yours sincerely,
   Madhu.

Write a letter the editor of the news editor regards the literacy rate in our state.

171

V.S. Puram
Hyderabad,
25-10-2019
To
The Editor,
The Hindu,
Hyderabad.
Dear Sir,
Subject : 100% literacy + free midday meals up to
Class X, etc.
I, xxxxx, resident of amaravathi, requesting you to Kindly publish the following views of
mine in theappropriate columns of your esteemed daily.The Central Government has
rightly started freemidday meals up to Class X in its efforts to achieve100% literacy all
over the country. But theGovernment’s efforts can’t be completely successful
with providing free midday meals only. In fact, thereal achievement in 100% literacy will
be possible ifother aspects of the matter are also taken up in hand.
The real problems lie elsewhere and not in providingfree meals only. We all know that
poverty andunemployment are the big hurdles in this direction.
We shall have to provide alternative sources ofearning for poor parents. Then adult
literacy classesneed to be started as a majority of poor people livingin villages still can’t
read and write.
Thirdly, volunteers’ problems shall also be lookedinto. In fact, if they too are paid, the
success rateshall be high. Adult illiterates fight shy to learn readingand writing. IF they are
encouraged through someincentives, the Government’s efforts will surely be
rewarding.
The Central Government would do better to lookinto these related aspects and decide
something goodin this direction.
Yours faithfully,
Uday.
News report.
. India-US defence sales at an all-time high: Pentagon
By: Defence

Feb 13, 2019,Washington: Defence sales between India and the US are at an all-time high
and bilateral strategic partnership continues to advance at a historic pace, a top Pentagon
commander has said.
 

171

“The US-India strategic partnership continues to advance at a historic pace as we continue
to increase our interoperability and information-sharing capabilities,” he said
“With a mutual desire for global stability, support for the rules-based international order,
and a Free-and-Open Indo-Pacific region, the United States and India have an increased
agreement on interests, including maritime security and maritime domain awareness,
counter-piracy, counterterrorism, humanitarian assistance, and coordinated responses to
natural disasters and transnational threats,” Davidson said.
Over the past year, the United States and Indian militaries participated in five major
exercises, executed more than fifty other military exchanges, and further operationalized
the 2016 Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA), he informed the
lawmakers. “The LEMOA enables the US Navy to replenish supplies from Indian navy
logistics platforms,” he said. Davidson said that the US Indo Pacific Command is working
with the Indian military to operationalise the COMCASA.

Source: Deccan Chronicle

14. Cyber attack hits US newspaper distribution
    —–REUTERS
    Dec 30, 2018,Newyork:The attack led to distribution delays in the Saturday edition of The
    Times, Tribune, Sun and other newspapers.

 The West Coast editions of the Wall Street Journal and New York Times were hit as they
are also printed on the shared production platform.
A cyber attack caused major printing and delivery disruptions on Saturday at the Los
Angeles Times and other major US newspapers, including ones owned by Tribune
Publishing Co such as the Chicago Tribune and Baltimore Sun.
The cyber attack appeared to originate outside the United States, the Los Angeles Times
reported, citing a source with knowledge of the situation.
 
The attack led to distribution delays in the Saturday edition of The Times, Tribune, Sun
and other newspapers that share a production platform in Los Angeles, the Los Angeles
Times reported.

171

A spokeswoman for the Department of Homeland Security said it was studying the
situation.
“We are aware of reports of a potential cyber incident affecting several news outlets, and
are working with our government and industry partners to better understand the situation,”
said DHS spokeswoman Katie Waldman in a statement.
Representatives of the Federal Bureau of Investigation were not immediately available for
comment.

— DECCAN

CHRONICLE.

.

Points to be covered Details of the person
Full name • Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
Date and place of birth • 15th October 1931 at
Rameswaram, Tamil
Nadu

Parents • Asiamma (mother), Jainuklabdeen (father)
Education • Schooling at Rameswaram
Chidhood friends • Ramanatha Sastry,
Aravindan and Siva
prakasan

Almamater • St.Joseph’s College,
Tiruchirapalli, Madras
Institute of Technology.

Profession • Professor, Author, Aero space Scientist
Presidency • 11th president of India – on 25th July 2002
Achievements • Evolution of ISRO’s
Launch Vehicle
Programme,
operationalisation of
AGNI,
PRITHVI missiles
Literary Pursuits • Four of his books
1) Wings of Fire

171
2) India 2020-A vision for the New
Millenium
3) My Journey
4) Ignited Minds
• Honourary Doctorate from 30 universities
• Padma Bhushan (1981)
• Padma Vibhushan (1990)
• Bharath Rathna (1997)

Awards, prizes, honours

171
[OR]

DR. AVUL PAKIR JAINULABDEEN ABDUL KALAM
Abdul Kalam was the 11th President of India. He
was born on 15th October 1931 at Rameswaram in
Tamil Nadu. His mother was Ashiamma and father
Jainulabdeen. He did his schooling at Rameswaram.
His childhood friends are Ramanadha Sastry,
Aravindan and Sivaprakasan.
He studied at St. Joseph’s College in Tiruchirapalli
and completed his professional course at Madras
Institute of Technology. He stepped into the shoes of many professions such as a
professor, author, and
an aerospace scientist.
He was elected as 11th President of India on 25th
July 2002. He played a key role in the evolution of
ISRO’s launch vehicle programme and in the
operationalisation of AGNI, PRITHVI missiles.
The four important literary pursuits of Kalam are
Wings of Fire, India 2020 – A vision for the New
Millennium, My Journey and Ignited Minds. He was
honoured with a honorary doctorate from 30
universities. He got awards like Padma Bhushan in
1981 and Padma Vibhushan in 1990. He also got the
most prestigious award Bharat Ratna in 1997.

. On the basis of information given below, write the bio-sketch of Mahatma Gandhi.
Oct 2, 1869 : Born at Porbanadar, to Karamchand and Putlibai
1888-1893 : Completed studies in England.
Went to South Africa to practice law. Suffered discrimination there.
Started nonviolent civil disobedience for civil rights of Indian community.
1914-1915 : Left South Africa and came back to India.
1915-1947 : Worked very hard through Satyagraha, civil disobedience, fasts, marches,
movements and jail sentences to free India from the British.
Jan 30, 1948 : He was shot dead by Nathuram Godse at Birla House.
Answer:

171

Mahatma Gandhi was born on Oct 2, 1869 to Karamchand and Putlibai at Porbandar.
After completing his studies in England, he went to South Africa. When he suffered
discrimination, he started civil disobedience for civil rights of Indian community.
Around 1915, he came back to India. He started Satyagraha, civil disobedience, fasts,
marches, movements and was senetenced many a times. His efforts helped India gain
freedom from the British. In 1948, a mad man named Nathuram Godse assasinated him
outside Birla House.
Short story writing
Martin……. a cobbler…….. his son died……… no interest in life……. a religious
man reminded that Martin couldn’t judge God’s ways……. heard a voice………
“Martin! Look out in the street tomorrow, for I shall come”…….. next morning an old
man stood shivering in cold…… Martin invited him inside……. offered tea……. no
one came…….. next morning a poor woman stood with a baby in arms….. Martin gave
her his bed…….. food and cabbage soup….. Martin kept on waiting but no one
came…….. in dream……… first saw file old man……. then the woman with the child
………. Martin crossed himself………the Lord had really come to him.
     
Where there is Love, There is God
In a certain town there lived a cobbler named Martin. He could recognise the people by
their boots. His only son died young and Martin didn’t wish to live any more. One day
a noble man reasoned with Martin. He told him that they could not judge God’s ways.
God gives him life and he must live for him. Martin fell asleep. Suddenly he heard a
voice. “Martin! Look out into the street tomorrow, for I shall come.” Next morning, he
saw an old man standing near his window. He was shivering in cold. “Come in and
warm yourself a bit.” He asked him to sit down and have some tea. While the old man
drank his tea, Martin kept looking out into the street. He told that he was expecting the
Lord Himself. The old man thanked Martin for his hospitality and went away. No one
came. When Martin was anxious, he saw a poor woman standing near the window with
a crying baby in her arms. “Why do you stand out there with the baby in the cold?”
Martin led her to the bed near the stove. The woman was hungry. He gave some bread
and cabbage soup to her. She had no warm clothing as she had pawned her last shawl
for six pence yesterday. Martin gave her six pence to get her shawl out of pawn. After
the woman had gone, his eyes were still fixed at the window. And a voice whispered in
his ear. “Martin, Martin, don’t you know me?” Martin looked around in surprise. And
out of the dark comer stopped the old man, “It is I.” Then the figure disappeared. “It is
I,” said the voice once more. And now the woman with the baby laughed and they too
vanished. Martin crossed himself. He understood that his dream had come true. And
the Lord had really come to him that day, and he had welcomed him.
19.
Hints:

171

There lived a rich man in Varanasi. He had only one son who had turned ten …good
adviser for son before death. collected all relatives….. asked “Am I a wise and good
man?”…. they called him wisest and best man.. man gave a diamond to each.. one man
didn’t answer…. rich man sought his opinion…. “you are wise and good but there have
been wiser and better persons than you,” said the man….. appointed him
adviser…….next day all relatives complained… diamonds given not real. “They were
as false as your words,” said the rich man.
The False Diamonds
There lived a rich man in Varanasi. He had only one son who had just turned ten. He
had a lot of land and property. He wanted to find out a good adviser for his son before
his death. The man must be true and honest. This was what the rich man had thought.
One day he invited all his relatives to a grand feast. He asked each of them if he was a
wise and good man. Every relative called himself the “wisest and best” man in the
world. “Ah!” exclaimed the rich man. He gave a diamond to each of his relatives. But
one relative remained silent. The rich man asked what he thought of him as a man. The
relative replied, “You are a wise and good man but there have been wiser and better
men than you”.
This time the rich man gave a smile of satisfaction. He gave him a diamond as big as
an almond. He had found the kind of man he wanted. He appointed him his son’s
adviser. The next day other relatives came. They complained that the diamonds given
to them yesterday were not real. “Yes, they were as false as your words,” said the rich
man.

PAPER – II : PART- B
(VOCABULARY)

Read the paragraph and write the synonyms of the underlined words choosing from
the words given in the box. 4x½ =2M

drawbacks, nobility, scarcity, former, combined, prosperity
I was born into a middle – class Tamil family in the island town of Rameswaram
in the erstwhile (i) Madras State. My father, Jainulabdeen , had neither much formal education nor much wealth;
(ii) despite these disadvantages (iii) , he possessed great innate wisdom and a true generosity
(iv) of spirit. Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………

model, sure,
remember, constructed, perfect, definite

171

safe, unnecessary, pious, requirements, severe, strong
My austere (i) father used to avoid all inessential (ii) comforts and luxuries. However , all necessities (iii)
were provided for, in terms of food, medicine or clothes. In fact, I would say mine was a very secure (iv) childhood,
both materially and emotionally.
He had an ideal (i) helpmate in my mother, Ashiamma. I do not recall (ii) the exact (iii ) number of
people she fed every day, but I am quite certain (iv) that far more outsiders ate with us than all the members
of our own family put together.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
constructed, dirty, good-looking, delicate, unattractive,
fore fathers
I was one of the children – a short boy with rather undistinguished (i) looks, born to tall and
handsome (ii) parents. We lived in our ancestral (iii) house, which was built (iv) in the middle of the
nineteenth century.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………

Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
pressured, announced, stop, remote,
starting, complete
Our area , being isolated (i) , was completely unaffected by the War. But soon India was forced
(ii) to join the e Allied Forces and something like a state of emergency was declared (iii). The first casualty
came in the form of the suspension of the train halt (iv) at Rameswaram station.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
statues, place, festival, ceremony, organize,
yearly

174

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)
(f)

174

Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
tolerate, holy, class, hat , grade, belly
One day when I was in the fifth standard (i) at the Rameswaram Elementary School,
a new teacher came to our class. I used to wear a cap (ii) which marked me as a Muslim, and I always sat in
the front row next to Ramanadha sastry , who wore the sacred (iii) thread. The new teacher could not
stomach (iv) a Hindu priest’s son sitting with a Muslim boy.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
moved, picture, sad, position ,
grade, feeling

In accordance with our social ranking (i) as the new teacher saw it, I was asked to go and sit on the back
bench. I felt very sad, and so did Ramanadha Sastry. He looked utterly downcast (ii) as I shifted to my seat in
the last row. The image (iii) of him weeping when I shifted (iv) to the last row left a lasting impression on me.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
young, angrily, called, disparity, ignorant, excellent
Lakshmana Sastry summoned (i) the teacher , and in our presence , told the teacher that he should not
spread the poison of social inequality (ii) and communal intolerance in the minds of innocent (iii) children. He
bluntly (iv) asked the teacher to either apologize or quit the school and the island.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
conduct, belief, silent, wonderfully, finally,
leave

During the annual (i) Shri Sita Rama Kalyanam ceremony, our family used to arrange (ii) boats with a
special platform for carrying idols (iii) of the Lord from the temple
to the marriage site (iv), situated in the middle of the pond called Rama Tirtha which was near our house.

174

He bluntly asked the teacher to either apologize or quit (i) the school and the island. Not only did the
teacher regret his behaviour (ii), but the strong sense of conviction (iii) Lakshmana Sastry conveyed
ultimately (iv) reformed this young teacher.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
radical, strong, old, conventional, separation,
strict
On the whole , the small society of Rameswaram was very rigid (i) in terms of the
segregation (ii) of different social groups. However, my science teacher Sivasubramania Iyer, though an
orthodox (iii) Brahmin with a very conservative wife, was something of a rebel (iv).
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
terrified, sit, clean, eat, sad, disappointed

One day, he invited me to his home for a meal. His wife was horrified (i) at the idea of a Muslim boy being
invited to dine (ii) in her ritually pure (iii) kitchen. She refused to serve me in her kitchen.
Sivasubramania Iyer was not perturbed (iv) , nor did he get angry with his wife, but instead, served me with his
own hands and sat down beside me to eat his meal.

175

(g)

7
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
unusual, certain, construct, unexpected,
necessary, positiveness
Then the Second World War was over and India’s freedom was imminent (i). “Indians will build
(ii) their own India,” declared Gandhiji. The whole country was filled with an unprecedented (iii) optimism
(iv).
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………

Read the paragraph and write the antonyms of the underlined words. 4x ½ =2M
I was born into a middle – class Tamil family in the island
town of Rameswaram in the erstwhile (i) Madras State. My father,
Jainulabdeen , had neither much formal (ii)
education nor much wealth; despite these disadvantages (iii), he possessed great
innate wisdom and a true (iv) generosity of spirit.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
I was one of the children – a short (i) boy with rather undistinguished looks, born
to tall and handsome (ii) parents. We lived in our ancestral house, which was built in
the middle of the nineteenth century. It was a fairly large (iii) pucca house , made of
limestone and brick, on the Mosque Street in Rameswaram. My austere father used to
avoid all inessential (iv) comforts and luxuries.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
For reasons I have never been able (a) to understand, a sudden (b) demand for
tamarind seeds erupted in the market. I used to collect (c) the seeds and sell (d) them
to a provision shop on Mosque Street.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
That forced my cousin Samsuddin, who distributed (i) newspapers in
Rameswaram, to look for a helping hand to catch the bundles and, as if naturally (ii),
I filled the slot. Samsuddin helped me earn my first (iii) wages. Half a century later
(iv), I can still feel the surge of pride in earning my own money for the first time.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………

175

(iii)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.. (iv) ……………………………………………
In accordance with our social ranking as the new (i) teacher saw it, I was
asked to go and sit on the back (ii) bench. I felt very sad (iii), and so did Ramanadha
Sastry. He looked utterly downcast as I shifted to my seat in the last (iv) row.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
Lakshmana Sastry summoned the teacher , and in our presence (i), told the
teacher that he should not spread the poison of social inequality and communal
intolerance (ii) in the minds of innocent
(iii) children. He bluntly asked the teacher to either apologize or quit (iv) the
school and the island. Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………

176

(g)

(h)

8
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

On the whole , the small (i) society of Rameswaram was very rigid (ii) in
terms
of the segregation of different (iii) social groups. However, my science teacher
Sivasubramania Iyer, though an orthodox (iv) Brahmin with a very conservative
wife, was something of a rebel.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
His wife was horrified (i) at the idea of a Muslim boy being invited to dine in
her ritually pure (ii) kitchen. She refused (iii) to serve me in her kitchen.
Sivasubramania Iyer was not perturbed, nor did he get angry with his wife, but
instead, served me with his own hands and sat down beside me to eat his meal. His
wife watched us from behind (iv)the kitchen door.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given in brackets. 4x½ =2M
My father, Jainulabdeen , had neither much (i)(formal / formality) education
nor much
(ii)(wealth /wealthy); despite
these disadvantages, he possessed (iii)(great/ greatly) innate
wisdom and a true generosity of spirit. He had an (iii) (ideal /
ideally) helpmate in my mother, Ashiamma.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
We lived in our (i)( ancestors / ancestral) house, which was built in the
middle of the nineteenth century. It was a

(ii)(fair / fairly) large pucca house , made of limestone and

brick, on the Mosque Street in Rameswaram. My

(iii)(austere / austerity) father used to (iv)

(avoid
/ avoidable ) all inessential comforts
and luxuries. Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
For reasons I have never been (i)(able / ability) to
understand, a (ii)(sudden / suddenly) demand for tamarind seeds
erupted in the market. I used to (iii)(collect / collection) the seeds and sell them to
a provision shop on Mosque Street. A day’s collection would fetch me the
(iv)(prince / princely) sum
of one anna. Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………

176

Our
a
r
e
a
,
b
e
i
n
g
(
i
)
(
i
s
o
l
a
t
i
o
n
/
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
)
,
w
a
s
(
i
i
)
(
c
omplete / completely) unaffected by the War. But soon India was forced to join th
e Allied Forces and something like a state of emergency was declared. The
(iii)(first /firstly) casualty came in the form of the

(iv)(suspend / suspension) of the train halt at Rameswaram station.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
Every child is born, with some inherited characteristics, into a
(i)(specific / special) socio- economic and (ii)(emotion /emotional)
environment , and trained in certain ways by figures of authority. I inherited
(iii)(honest / honesty ) and self-discipline from my father; from my
mother. I inherited faith in goodness and (iv) (deep / deeply)
kindness and so did my three brothers and sister.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………

177

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

(k)
I had three (i)(close / closely) friends in my childhood –
Ramanadha Sastry, Aravindan and Sivaprakasan. All these boys were from
(ii)(orthodox /orthodoxy) Hindu Brahmin families. As children, none
of us ever felt any (iii)(different / difference) amongst ourselves because
of our
(iv)(religious / religion) differences and
upbringing. Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
During the (i)(annual /annually) Shri Sita Rama Kalyanam
(ii)(ceremony / ceremonial), our family used to (iii)(arrange /
arrangement) boats with a (iv) (special /
speciality) platform for carry idols of the Lord from the temple to the marriage site,
situated in the middle of the pond called Rama Tirtha which was near our house.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………

In (i)(accord /accordance) with our social ranking as the new teacher saw
it, I was asked to go and sit on the back bench. I felt very (ii)(sad / sadness), and so
did Ramanadha Sastry. He looked (iii)(utter/ utterly)
downcast as I shifted to my seat in the last row. The image of him weeping when I
shifted to the last row left a lasting (iv)(impress / impression) on me.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
After school, we went home and told our (i) (respective /
respectively) parents about the incident. Lakshmana Sastry summoned the teacher ,
and in our (ii)(present / presence), told the teacher that he
should not spread the poison of social (iii)(inequal / inequality) and
communal intolerance in the minds of (iv)(innocent / innocence) children.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
He (i)(blunt / bluntly) asked the
teacher to either (ii) (apology / apologize) or quit
the school and the island. Not only did the teacher (iii)(regret regretted) his
behaviour , but the strong sense of conviction Lakshmana Sastry conveyed
(iv) (ultimate / ultimately) reformed this young teacher.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
On the (i)(whole / wholly) , the small society of Rameswaram was
very (ii)(rigid / rigidly) in terms of the (iii) (segregate

177

/
s
e
g
r
e
g
a
t
i
o
n
)
o
f
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
s
o
c
i
a
l
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
m
y
science teacher Sivasubramania Iyer, though an orthodox Brahmin with a very
(iv) (conservative
/ conservatively) wife, was something of a rebel. He did his best to break social
barriers so that people from varying backgrounds could mingle easily.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………

178

(l)

(m)

(h)

9

10
One day, he invited me to his home for a meal. His wife was (i)( horrific /
horrified) at the idea of a Muslim boy being (ii)(invited /
invitation) to dine in her (iii)(ritual / ritually) pure kitchen. She refused to
(iv)(serve / service) me in her kitchen.
Sivasubramania Iyer was not perturbed, nor did he get angry with his wife.
Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
Then the Second World War was over and India’s freedom was

(i)(imminent / imminence). “Indians will build their own
India,” declared Gandhiji. The (ii)(whole / wholly) country was
filled with an unprecedented (iii) (optimist / optimism). I
asked my father for (iv) (permit
/ permission) to leave Rameswaram and study at the district headquarters in
Ramanathapuram. Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
He told me as if thinking aloud, “Abul! I know you have to go away to
(i)(grow / growth).
Does the seagull not fly across the sun, alone and without a nest?”. He quoted Khalil
Gibran to my
(ii)(hesitate / hesitant) mother , “Your children are not your
children. They are the sons and daughters of Life’s (iii)(long / longing) for
itself. They come through you but not from you. You may give them your (iv)(love
/ lovely) but not your thoughts. For they have their own thoughts.” Answers:
(i) …………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………
(iii) ……………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………
Complete the spelling of the words with ‘ea’, ‘ee’, ‘ei’, ‘eu’, ‘ai’, ‘ia’, ‘oa’, ‘ou’,
‘ae’, ‘ie’, ‘ue’, ‘au’, ‘io’, ‘iu’. 2x ½ =1 M
(a) My father, Jainulabdeen , had n ther much formal
education nor much w lth.
(b) My stere father used to avoid all inessent l
comforts and luxuries.
(c) I would say mine was a very secure childh d, both mater lly and
emotionally.
(d) Every child is born, with some inherited characteristics, into a
specific socioeconomic and emot nal environment , and
tr ned in cert n ways by figures of
thority.
(e) The first cas lty came in the form
of the suspens n of the tr n halt
at Rameswaram stat n.
(f) I had three close fr nds in my childh d.

178

(g
A
s
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
,
n
o
n
e
o
f
u
s
e
v
e
r
f
e
l
t
a
n
y
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
a
m
o
n
g
st ourselves bec se of
our relig us
differences and upbringing.
(h) Sivaprakasan became a catering contractor for the S thern R lways.
(i) During the ann l Shri Sita Rama Kalyanam ceremony, our
family used to arrange boats with a spec l platform for
carrying idols of the Lord from the temple to the marr ge site.
(j) The new t cher could not stomach a Hindu pr st’s
son sitting with a Muslim boy.
(k) He told the teacher that he should not spr d the p
son of soc l ineq lity and
communal intolerance in the minds of innocent children.
(l) Not only did the teacher regret his behavi r , but the strong
sense of conviction Lakshmana Sastry conveyed ultimately
reformed this y ng teacher.
(m) On the whole , the small soc ty of Rameswaram was very
rigid in terms of the segregat n of different soc l gr ps.
(n) He did his best to br k soc l barr rs so that p
ple from varying backgr nds could mingle easily.
Complete the words with correct suffixes given in brackets. 2x ½ = 1M

179

(a) Despite these disadvant (ages / eges), he possessed great
innate wisdom and a true genero (city / sity) of spirit.
(b) We lived in our ances (tral / trel) house, which was built in the
middle of the nineteenth cent (ery /ury).
(c) I used to collect the seeds and sell them to a provi
(sion / tion) shop on Mosque Street. A day’s collec
(sion / tion) would fetch me the princely sum of one

anna.
(d) The first casua (lty / lity)
came in the form of the suspen (sion /
tion) of the train halt at Rameswaram station.
(e) As children, none of us ever felt any difference amongst
ourselves because of our relig ( eous / ious) differ (
ances / ences) and upbringing.
(f) Aravindan went into the busi (nes /
ness) of arranging transport for visiting pilgrims; and
Sivaprakasan became a catering contra (cter /ctor) for the
Southern Railways.
(g) One day when I was in the fifth stand
(ard /erd) at the Rameswaram Elemen
(tary / tery) School, a new teacher

came to our class.
(h) He told the teacher that he should not spread the poison of social
inequa (lty / lity) and communal intoler (ance / ence) in the
minds of inno (cent / sent) children.
(i) Not only did the teacher regret his behav (iour / eour) , but
the strong sense of convic (sion / tion) Lakshmana Sastry
conveyed ultimately reformed this young teacher.
(j) He did his best to break social barri (ars / ers) so that people
from varying backgrounds could ming (le / el) easily.
(k) I asked my father for permis (sion /
tion) to leave Rameswaram and study at the district headquar

(ters / tors) in Ramanathapuram.

11 Find the wrongly spelt word and write its correct spelling. 2 x ½ = 1M

a)

b)

c)
(i) bundle,
(ii) authority,

erstwhile,
casuality,
midle,
generosity,
temple
necessity
Ans.
Ans.

(i) annual,
(ii) impression,
ancestral,
permission,

communal,
provision,

emosional
suspention
Ans.
Ans.

(i) ejucation,
(ii) imminent,

hesitation,
innocent,

segregation,
hessitant,

station
parent

Ans.
Ans.

(i) emotionally,
(ii) completely,

materially,
princily,

naturally,
ultimately,

richually
utterly

Ans.
Ans.

(i) advantage,
(ii) descipline,
arrange,
headline,

image,
limestone,

marrage
medicine
Ans.
Ans.

(i) accordance, defference,
(ii) helpmate, innate,

intolerance,
icolate,

presence
ultimate

Ans.
Ans.

179

d)

e)

f)

12
(a)
Arrange the following words under correct heading 8 x ¼ = 2M

Places Things

1) 1)
2) 2)
3) 3)
4) 4)
(b)

Persons Things

1) 1)
2) 2)
3) 3)
4) 4)
(c)

Persons places

1) 1)
2) 2)
3) 3)
4) 4)
(d) station, school, idol, cap, temple, site, clothes, thread,
town, house, street, child, friend, contractor, pond, cousin
helpmate, rebel, seeds, newspaper, pilgrim, bundle, money, priest
brick, food, island, limestone, mosque, medicine, market, shop

Things places

1) 1)
2) 2)
3) 3)
4) 4)

180

(e)

Persons places

1) 1)
2) 2)
3) 3)
4) 4)
(f)

Things characteristics

1) 1)
2) 2)
3) 3)
4) 4)
tamarind , honesty, bench, discipline, faith, anna, kindness
platform, children, area, boy, parent, headquarter, ground, brother-in-law

218

13
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f) 14

218

Use the following expressions in sentences of your own. 4x ½ = 2 M
Phrasal Verb: break out
Ans:
Phrasal Verb: take over
Ans:
Idiomatic Expression : put together
Ans:
Idiomatic Expression : on the whole
Ans:
Idiomatic Expression : on a par with
Ans:
Idiomatic Expression : in terms of
Ans:
Key.

PAPER – II : PART- B

6 Synonyms
a (i) former (ii) prosperity (iii) drawbacks (iv) nobility
b (i) perfect (ii) remember (iii) definite (iv) sure
c (i) unattractive (ii) good-looking (iii) fore fathers’ (iv)
constructed
d (i) pious (ii) unnecessary (iii) requirements (iv) safe
e (i) remote (ii) pressured (iii) announced (iv) stop
f (i) yearly (ii) organize (iii) statues (iv) place
g (i) class (ii) hat (iii) holy (iv) tolerate
h (i) grade (ii) sad (iii) picture (iv) moved

219

i (i) called (ii)
disparity

(iii)
ignorant

(iv)
angrily
j (i) leave (ii) conduct (iii) belief (iv)
finally

k (i) strict (ii)
separation

(iii)
convention
al

(iv)
radical

l (i)
terrified

(ii) eat (iii) clean (iv)
disappoint
ed

m (i)
certain

(ii)
construct

(iii)
unexpected

(iv)
positivene
ss

7
Antonyms
a (i)
current

(ii)
informal

(iii)
advantages

(iv) false
b (i) long (ii) ugly (iii) small (iv)
essential

c (i)
unable

(ii) gradual (iii) scatter (iv) buy

d (i)
collected

(ii)
unnaturall
y

(iii) last (iv)
earlier
e (i) old (ii) front (iii) glad (iv) first
f (i)
absence

(ii)
tolerance

(iii)
knowledge
able

(iv)
enter

g (i) big (ii)
lax/fexible

(iii)
same/simila
r

(iv)
heterodo
x

h (i)
delighted

(ii) dirty/
impure

(iii)
accepted

(iv)
before

8 Right
Forms
a (i)
formal

(ii) wealth (iii) great (iv) ideal

b (i)
ancestral

(ii) fairly (iii) austere (iv) avoid
c (i) able (ii) sudden (iii) collect (iv)
princely

219

d (i)
isolated

(ii)
completely

(iii) first (iv)
suspensi
on

e (i)
specific

(ii)
emotional

(iii)
honesty

(iv) deep

f (i) close (ii)
orthodox

(iii)
difference

(iv)
religious

g (i)
annual

(ii)
ceremony

(iii) arrange (iv)
special

h (i)
accordance

(ii) sad (iii) utterly (iv)
impressi
on

i (i)
respective

(ii)
presence

(iii)
inequality

(iv)
innocen
t

j (i)
bluntly

(ii)
apologize

(iii) regret (iv)
ultimatel
y

k (i) whole (ii) rigid (iii)
segregation

(iv)
conservati
ve

l (i)
horrified

(ii) invited (iii) ritually (iv) serve

220

m (i)imminent (ii)whole (iii) optimism (iv) permission
n (i) grow (ii) hesitant (iii) longing (iv) love
9 Vowel Clusters
a (i) n ei ther (ii) w ea lth
b (i) au stere (ii) inessent ia l
c (i) childh oo d (ii) mater ia lly
d (i) emot io nal (ii) tr ai ned (iii) cert ai n (iv)
au thority
e (i) cas ua lty (ii) suspens io n (iii) tr ai n (vi)
stat io n
f (i) fr ie nds (ii) childh oo d
g (i) bec au se (ii) relig io us
h (i) S ou thern (ii) R ai lways
i (i) ann ua l (ii) spec ia l (iii) marr ia ge
j (i) t ea cher (ii) pr ie st’s
k (i) spr ea d (ii) poi son (iii) soc ia l (iv) ineq ua lity
l (i) behavi ou r (ii) y ou ng
m (i) soc ie ty (ii) segregat io n (iii) soc ia l (iv) gr ou ps
n (i) br ea k (ii) soc ia l (iii) barr ie rs (iv) p eo ple
(v) backgr ou nds
10 Suffixes
a) i) disadvant ages ii) genero sity
b) i) ances tral ii) cent ury
c) i) provi sion ii) collec tion
d) i) casua lty ii) suspen sion
e) i) relig ious ii) differ ences

220
f) i) busi ness ii) contra ctor
g) i) stand ard ii) Elemen tary
h) i) inequa lity ii) intoler ance (iii) inno cent

221
i) i) behav iour ii) convic tion
j) i) barri ers ii) ming le
k) i) permis sion ii) headquar ters
11 Wrongly Spelt Words:
a) i) middle ii) casualty
b) i) emotional ii) suspension
c) i) education ii) hesitant
d) i) ritually ii) princely
e) i) marriage ii) discipline
f) i) difference ii) isolate
12 Correct Headings:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)
Places

1. island
2. mosque
3. market
4. shop

Things

1. brick
2. food
3. limestone
4. medicine

Persons

1. helpmate
2. rebel
3. pilgrim
4. priest

Things

1. seeds
2. newspaper
3. bundle
4. money

Persons

1. child
2. friend
3. contractor
4. cousin

Things

1. town
2. house
3. street
4. pond,

Things

1. idol
2. cap
3. clothes
4. thread

Places

1. station
2. school
3. temple
4. site

Persons

1. children,
2. boy,
3. parent
4. brother-in-law

Places

1. platform,
2. area,
3. headquarter,
4. ground,

221

(f)

13 Own Sentences :
(a) There is a threat that the violence will break out again.
(b) His greatest wish was for his daughter to take over the business.
(c) He has more money than the rest of us put together.
(d) On the whole, I thought the film was pretty good.
(e) He doesn’t think his salary is on a par with his position in the company.
(f) The book is well organized in terms of plot.